Measurement of hemodynamic parameters and antidepressant activity in hypertensive rats following two weeks consumption of Acacia tortilis leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhalim Serafi ◽  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Bafail ◽  
Zahir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background: Depression is common in hypertensive patients, and monotherapy may contribute for controlling depression in hypertensive patients and improving the socioeconomic outcomes. Previous studies have shown that Acacia tortilis possesses hypotensive activity. Objectives: Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate the hemodynamic activity and antidepressant effects of an ethanolic extract of Acacia tortilis leaves (ATEL) in salt-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups for experiments. The rats received respective treatment for 15 days: G1: Control (C); G2: Hypertensive control (HC: high dietary salt, 4% 10ml/kg); G3-5: HC+ ATEL (50, 100, 150mg/kg respectively). Cardiac hemodynamics (mean arterial blood pressure: MAP and heart rate: HR) were measured in the anaesthetized rats by an invasive method. For this method, one carotid artery was catheterized, a pressure catheter (pressure volume Millar microtip catheter connected to the Mikro-Tip Pressure-Volume System from Ultra Foundation Systems, PowerLab) was inserted, and the blood pressure (MAP in mm Hg) and HR (beats/min) were monitored continuously during the experiment. For the neuropharmacological studies, antidepressant activity was assessed by forced swim test on the 15th day. Results: A dose-dependent significant increase in mobility time was observed in rats (G3-5) treated with HC + different doses of ATEL (p < 0.05). However, the mobility time was significantly reduced by HC (G2) treatment compared with that of the control (p< 0.05). The hypertensive control (high dietary salt: HC) group showed significant increases in SP, DP, MAP, and HR (p<0.05) compared to the control (G1) group. At all doses (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), MAP and HR were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05) when compared with the values in the HC (G2) group. Further analysis revealed an improvement in heart rate variability (HRV) in ATEL-treated hypertensive rats. Conclusion: The present research suggests that increased dietary salt intake not only increases blood pressure significantly but also increases depression. ATEL contains some efficacious constituents, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT: a 5-HT1A agonist) with predominant antidepressant and antihypertensive activity. Hence, ATEL appears to be a valuable plant extract that can be useful, at least as an adjunct, for therapy in patients who suffer from both depression and hypertension. Objectives: Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate the hemodynamic activity and antidepressant effects of an ethanolic extract of Acacia tortilis leaves (ATEL) in salt-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups for experiments. The rats received respective treatment for 15 days: G1: Control (C); G2: Hypertensive control (HC: high dietary salt, 4% 10ml/kg); G3-5: HC+ ATEL (50, 100, 150mg/kg respectively). Cardiac hemodynamics (mean arterial blood pressure: MAP and heart rate: HR) were measured in the anaesthetized rats by an invasive method. For this method, one carotid artery was catheterized, a pressure catheter (pressure volume Millar microtip catheter connected to the Mikro-Tip Pressure-Volume System from Ultra Foundation Systems, PowerLab) was inserted, and the blood pressure (MAP in mm Hg) and HR (beats/min) were monitored continuously during the experiment. For the neuropharmacological studies, antidepressant activity was assessed by forced swim test on the 15th day. Results: A dose-dependent significant increase in mobility time was observed in rats (G3-5) treated with HC + different doses of ATEL (p < 0.05). However, the mobility time was significantly reduced by HC (G2) treatment compared with that of the control (p< 0.05). The hypertensive control (high dietary salt: HC) group showed significant increases in SP, DP, MAP, and HR (p<0.05) compared to the control (G1) group. At all doses (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), MAP and HR were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05) when compared with the values in the HC (G2) group. Further analysis revealed an improvement in heart rate variability (HRV) in ATEL-treated hypertensive rats. Conclusion: The present research suggests that increased dietary salt intake not only increases blood pressure significantly but also increases depression. ATEL contains some efficacious constituents, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT: a 5-HT1A agonist) with predominant antidepressant and antihypertensive activity. Hence, ATEL appears to be a valuable plant extract that can be useful, at least as an adjunct, for therapy in patients who suffer from both depression and hypertension.

Ruta montana evokes antihypertensive activity through increase of prosta-glandins release in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Ouady Fadwa ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Ruta Montana

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate experimentally the antihypertensive effect of Ruta Montana. Background: Ruta montana L. is traditionally used in Moroccan herbal medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate experimentally the hypotensive and vasoactive properties of this plant. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Ruta Montana on blood pressure parameters in LNAME-induced hypertensive rats and to determine the vasorelaxant activity of this aqueous extract. Methods: The antihypertensive effect of the aqueous extract obtained from Ruta montana aerial parts (RMAPAE) (200 mg/kg) was evaluated in normal and anesthetized hypertensive rats. Blood pressure parameters (systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) and heart rate were measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. The acute and chronic effect of RMAPAE was recorded during 6 hours for the acute experiment and during 7 days for the sub-chronic test. In the other set, the vasorelaxant effect of RMAPAE on the contractile response was undertaken in isolated thoracic aorta. Results: The results indicated that RMAPAE extract significantly decreased SBP, MBP, DBP and heart rate in L-NAMEinduced hypertensive rats. Furthermore, RMAPAE was demonstrated to induce a dose dependent relaxation in the aorta precontracted with Epinephrine or KCl. More interestingly, this vasorelaxant activity of RMAPAE seems to be probably mediated through the prostaglandins pathway. Conclusion: The present study illustrates the beneficial action of Ruta montana on hypertension and supports then its use as an antihypertensive agent.

Cardiovascular Effects of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1261
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Arterial Blood

Aims: The present study was performed in order to analyze the antihypertensive activity of Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb. Background: Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb is an aromatic and medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This herb is used to treat various pathologies such as cardiovascular disorders. Meanwhile, its pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system have not been studied. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Micromeria graeca (AEMG) on the cardiovascular system in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: In this study, the cardiovascular effect of AEMG was evaluated using in vivo and in vitro investigations. In order to assess the acute effect of AEMG on the cardiovascular system, anesthetized L-NAME-hypertensive and normotensive rats received AEMG (100 mg/kg) orally and arterial blood pressure parameters were monitored during six hours. In the sub-chronic study, rats were orally treated for one week, followed by blood pressure assessment during one week of treatment. Blood pressure was measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. In the second experiment, isolated rat aortic ring pre-contracted with Epinephrine (EP) or KCl was used to assess the vasorelaxant effect of AEMG. Results: Oral administration of AEMG (100 mg/kg) provoked a decrease of arterial blood pressure parameters in hypertensive rats. In addition, AEMG induced a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with EP (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was attenuated in the presence of propranolol and methylene blue. While in the presence of glibenclamide, L-NAME, nifedipine or Indomethacin, the vasorelaxant effect was not affected. Conclusion: This study showed that Micromeria graeca possesses a potent antihypertensive effect and relaxes the vascular smooth muscle through β-adrenergic and cGMP pathways.

scholarly journals Hypotensive and Bradycardic Effects of Quinovic Acid Glycosides from Aspidosperma fendleri in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Estrada ◽  
Juan M. González-Guzmán ◽  
María M. Salazar-Bookman ◽  
Alfonso Cardozo ◽  
Eva Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood

The Aspidosperma genus (Apocynaceae) represents one of the largest sources of indole alkaloids widely associated with cardiovascular effects. Aspidosperma fendleri, a plant found mainly in Venezuela, has a single phytochemical report in which is revealed the presence of alkaloids in its seeds. This study explored the cardiovascular effects of an ethanolic extract of A. fendleri leaves (EEAF) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its potential bioactive compounds. Using bioguided fractionation, fractions and pure compounds were intravenously administered to SHR and their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) monitored over time. EEAF induced hypotensive and bradycardic effects as shown by significant reductions in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR), respectively. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of a mixture of two known isomeric triterpenoid glycosides identified by spectral evidence as quinovic acid 3- O-β-rhamnopyranoside and quinovic acid 3- O-β-fucopyranoside. This mixture of triterpenoid saponins induced reductions in MABP and HR similar to those induced by propranolol. Together, these findings indicate that the two quinovic acid glycosides are responsible for the hypotensive and bradycardic effects which suggest their potential use in cardiovascular therapy.

scholarly journals Lisinopril Indifferently Improves Heart Rate Variability During Day and Night Periods in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2013 ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ALBARWANI ◽  
S. AL-SIYABI ◽  
M. O. TANIRA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of lisinopril treatment to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) on day/night variations of blood pressure, heart rate and autonomic cardio-regulation parameters. Male SHR with surgically implanted radio-telemetry implant that provided direct measurements of arterial pressure and electrocardiogram wave were used. Animals were allocated to two groups (n=5 each). The first group was treated with lisinopril (20 mg/kg by gavage) daily for 10 weeks (treated group); whereas the second was gavaged daily with tap water (untreated group). Arterial blood pressure, ECG and other telemetry parameters were recorded at the start and at the end of 10-week treatment. Collected data were analyzed using specialized software and were statistically tested. In addition to the expected lowering of blood pressure, spectral analysis of R-R intervals revealed that lisinopril treatment for 10 weeks significantly caused 2-3 fold increase in heart rate variability (HRV) during both active and inactive periods. However, R-R interval durations demonstrated variable distribution patterns during those periods. The cause of observed distribution pattern of R-R intervals during active and inactive periods may be of significance to better understand HRV changes and warrants further investigations.

Study of Antihypertensive Activity of Anvillea radiata in L-Name-Induced Hypertensive Rats and HPLC-ESI-MS Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072
Author(s):  
Mourad Akdad ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Andrea Breuer ◽  
Farid Khallouki ◽  
Robert W. Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ca2 Channels

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Anvillea radiate (A. radiata) aerial parts (AEAR) on arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: The effect of the acute and sub-chronic administration of AEAR on the following blood pressure parameters: systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) was evaluated in normotensive and L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. In the second experiment, the vasorelaxant effect of AEAR was assessed in isolated aortic rings from rats with functional endothelium pre-contracted with epinephrine (EP) or KCl, and six antagonists/ inhibitors were used to explore the mechanisms of action involved in the vasorelaxant effect. In order to determine the phytochemical contents of Anvillea radiata, HPLC-ESI-MS analysis was conducted. Results: Daily oral administration of AEAR (100 mg/kg) provoked a significant decrease in SBP, MBP, and DBP without affecting HR in hypertensive rats. In addition, AEAR (0.08-0.64 mg/ml) revealed a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted by EP (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM). This effect was reduced in the presence of Nifedipine, L-Name or Methylene blue. The polyphenolic compounds of AEAR were determined. Conclusion: This study revealed that AEAR possesses a potent antihypertensive activity and its vasorelaxant activity seems to be mediated through Ca2+ channels, direct nitric oxide (NO), and NO/cGMP pathways. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid identified in A. radiata could be at least partially responsible for the antihypertensive activity of this extract.

Both high and low maternal salt intake in pregnancy alter kidney development in the offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. F344-F354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Koleganova ◽  
Grzegorz Piecha ◽  
Eberhard Ritz ◽  
Luis Eduardo Becker ◽  
Annett Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Arterial Blood

In humans, low glomerular numbers are related to hypertension, cardiovascular, and renal disease in adult life. The present study was designed 1) to explore whether above- or below-normal dietary salt intake during pregnancy influences nephron number and blood pressure in the offspring and 2) to identify potential mechanisms in kidney development modified by maternal sodium intake. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low (0.07%)-, intermediate (0.51%)-, or high (3.0%)-sodium diets during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were weaned at 4 wk and subsequently kept on a 0.51% sodium diet. The kidney structure was assessed at postnatal weeks 1 and 12 and the expression of proteins of interest at term and at week 1. Blood pressure was measured in male offspring by telemetry from postnatal month 2 to postnatal month 9. The numbers of glomeruli at weeks 1 and 12 were significantly lower and, in males, telemetrically measured mean arterial blood pressure after month 5 was higher in offspring of dams on a high- or low- compared with intermediate-sodium diet. A high-salt diet was paralleled by higher concentrations of marinobufagenin in the amniotic fluid and an increase in the expression of both sprouty-1 and glial cell-derived neutrophic factor in the offspring's kidney. The expression of FGF-10 was lower in offspring of dams on a low-sodium diet, and the expression of Pax-2 and FGF-2 was lower in offspring of dams on a high-sodium diet. Both excessively high and excessively low sodium intakes during pregnancy modify protein expression in offspring kidneys and reduce the final number of glomeruli, predisposing the risk of hypertension later in life.

scholarly journals Cissus quadrangularis Aqueous Extract Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension In Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1462
Author(s):  
Faiyaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular problem resulting in significant mortality. Cissus quadrangularis having several pharmacological effects has not been evaluated for its ability to modulate blood pressure. Thus, the ability of C. quadrangularis aqueous extract (CQE) to modulate blood pressure was evaluated in normotensive and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats under urethane anesthesia. The animals were divided into four groups namely, control (saline injection), CQE (extract alone, 10 mg/kg), Ang II (Ang II alone, 0.5 µg/kg) and Ang II + CQE (Ang II + extract). All treatments were delivered by intravenous route and in Ang II + CQE group, Ang II was injected 30 min after injection of the extract. Hemodynamic parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded by the BIOPAC system after the cannulation of the carotid artery and jugular vein. The results indicated that CQE lowered SBP, DBP, MABP and heart rate to varying degrees in normotensive rats compared to control groups. In case of angiotensin II-induced hypertension, CQE administration resulted in substantial decrease in SBP, DBP, and MABP which were raised by Ang II. CQE reduced SBP, DBP, and MABP by 12, 59, and 11%, respectively. It is worth noting that, while SBP was not brought down to baseline levels by CQE, DBP was, suggesting significant hypotensive/antihypertensive activity of CQE. Further research is required to determine the molecular mechanism of C. quadrangularis extract’s hypotensive/antihypertensive action and to conduct clinical trials to establish its optimal use as an antihypertensive therapeutic.

Influence of Sodium Restriction upon Two Models of Renal Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
H. Thurston ◽  
J. D. Swales
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Salt Depletion

1. Restriction of dietary salt intake does not affect the development or maintenance of hypertension in rats with unilateral renal ischaemia whether the contralateral kidney is present (Goldblatt 2 model) or not (Goldblatt 1 model). 2. Acute dietary salt depletion induces a similar loss of sodium and fall in body weight with little change in blood pressure in both normal and hypertensive rats. 3. Excision of the ischaemic kidney in rats with short-term (< 50 days) Goldblatt 2 hypertension restores the mean blood pressure to normal, whereas Goldblatt 1 hypertensive rats show only a partial response. Previous salt depletion of this model enhances the blood pressure response to nephrectomy. 4. Sodium retention plays no part in the development or maintenance of Goldblatt 2 kidney hypertension. However, although sodium retention is normally involved in the Goldblatt 1 model, hypertension can develop in the absence of dietary sodium.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects of Fermented Milk Containing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Evaluated in Permanently Catheterized, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566-3569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fuglsang ◽  
Dan Nilsson ◽  
Niels C. B. Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Arterial Blood

ABSTRACT In this study, two strains of Lactobacillus helveticus were used to produce fermented milk rich in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In vitro tests revealed that the two milks contained competitive inhibitors of ACE in amounts comparable to what has been obtained in previously reported studies. The two milks were administered by gavage to spontaneously hypertensive rats that had had a permanent aortic catheter inserted through the left arteria carotis, and mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored from 4 to 8 h after administration. Unfermented milk and milk fermented with a lactococcal strain that does not produce inhibitors were used as controls. Highly significant blood pressure effects were observed; i.e., milk fermented with the two strains of L. helveticus gave a more pronounced drop in blood pressure than the controls. Significant differences in heart rate effects were detected with one of the strains.

scholarly journals The captopril and eprosartan influence on hemodynamic parameters in rats with renovascular hypertension

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
K. E. Gavrikov ◽  
N. S. Rubanova ◽  
R. S. Chrustaleva ◽  
V. A. Tsyrlin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflex ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Vasorenal Hypertension

The aim of this investigation is the comparison of captopril and eprosartane influence on the level blood pressure, its variability and baroreceptor reflex in normal rats and rats with vasorenal hypertension. It was shown that hypertensive rats had higher level of blood pressure, heart rate and its variability than normotensive rats. There was no relationship between arterial blood pressure and its variability in normal as well as hypertensive rats. Captopril decreased blood pressure and had no effect on variability of blood pressure. In rats with renovascular hypertension an increased baroreflex and decreased variability of heart rate was note. Eprosartan, as well as captopril, decreased blood pressure, but increased variability of blood pressure in rats with hypertension.

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