Driver’s Drowsiness Detection Using Dlib and IOT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Lakshmi Kompalli ◽  
Padma Vallakati ◽  
Ganapathi Raju Nadimpalli ◽  
Vinod Mahesh Jain ◽  
Samuel Annepogu
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Rear Part ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Published Paper

Background: Road accidents are major cause of deaths worldwide. This is enormously due to fatigue, drowsiness and microsleep of the drivers. This don’t just risk the life of driver and copassengers but also a great threat to the vehicles and humans moving around that vehicle. Methods: Research, online content and previously published paper related to drowsiness are reviewed. Using the facial landmarks DAT file, the prototype will locate and get the eye coordinates and it will calculate Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR). The EAR indicates whether the driver is drowsy or not based on the result various sensors gets activated such as Alarm generator, LED Indicators, LCD message scroll, message sent to owner and engine gets locked. Results: The prototype is able to locate eyes in the frame and detect whether the person is sleepy or not. Whenever the person is feeling drowsy alarm gets generated in the cabinet on further if the person is feeling drowsy, LED indicators will start glowing, messaging will be scrolling at the rear part of vehicle so that other vehicles and humans gets cautioned and vehicle slows down and engine gets locked. Conclusion: This prototype will help in reduction of road accidents due to human intervention. It is not only helpful to the person who install it in their vehicles but also for the other vehicles and humans moving around it.

Smart System to Detect a Lethargic Driver and Parking the Car to Avoid Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Tanmay Rajesh Jagtap ◽  
Mehank Hemant Jadhav ◽  
Chinmay Deepak Phade ◽  
Tanmay Rajeev Bhambure ◽  
Nayana Prakash Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Drowsy Driving ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Fatigue Detection

This article describes that driving drowsily is an issue that has been troubling various countries for years, and parts of India face compounded risks due to the country's geography and driving style. Driving drowsily is especially dangerous when paired with poor road conditions in rural, mountainous areas. In this paper, fatigue detection of the driver and emergency parking to reduce the number of accidents caused due to drowsy driving, which deals with automatic drowsiness detection using image processing and emergency auto parking of the vehicle. The paper also discussed an algorithm to detect, track, and analyze driver's EAR (eye aspect ratio) associated with facial landmarks.

scholarly journals List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Electronic Copy ◽  
Published Paper

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.

scholarly journals List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Electronic Copy ◽  
Published Paper ◽  
Type Strains

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries (i.e. documents certifying deposition and availability of type strains). It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors' names will be included in the author index of the present issue and in the volume author index. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.

scholarly journals The Effects of Losing a Business Group Affiliation

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 3036-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Larrain ◽  
Giorgo Sertsios ◽  
Francisco Urzúa I
Keyword(s):  
Business Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Capital Misallocation ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
Business Group Affiliation ◽  
Industry Peers ◽  
Published Paper ◽  
Identification Strategy

Abstract We propose a novel identification strategy for estimating the effects of business group affiliation. We study two-firm business groups, some of which split up during the sample period, leaving some firms as stand-alone firms. We instrument for stand-alone status using shocks to the industry of the other group firm. We find that firms that become stand-alone reduce leverage and investment. Consistent with collateral cross-pledging, the effects are more pronounced when the other firm had high tangibility. Consistent with capital misallocation in groups, the reduction in leverage is stronger in firms that had low (high) profitability (leverage) relative to industry peers. Received July 3, 2017; editorial decision April 7, 2018 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

scholarly journals When Unfamiliarity Breeds Contempt: How Partisan Selective Exposure Sustains Oppositional Media Hostility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Peterson ◽  
Ali Kagalwala
Keyword(s):  
Selective Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Web Browsing ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Partisan News

Partisans hold unfavorable views of media they associate with the other party. They also avoid out-party news sources. We link these developments and argue that, absent direct experience, partisans assess out-party media based off negative and inaccurate stereotypes. This means cross-cutting exposure that challenges these misperceptions can improve assessments of out-party media. To support this argument, we use survey-linked web browsing data to show the public has hostile views of out-party news sources they rarely encounter. We conduct three survey experiments that demonstrate cross-cutting exposure to non-political or neutral political coverage – forms of news widely available from partisan sources online – reduces oppositional media hostility. These findings explain how perceptions of rampant bias from out-party media coexist with modest differences in the online content major partisan news outlets provide. More broadly, we illustrate how negative misperceptions can sustain animus towards an out-group when individuals avoid direct encounters with them.

scholarly journals List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 797-798 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Electronic Copy ◽  
Published Paper

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in the nomenclature of prokaryotes. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.

System for Detecting Driver Alertness while Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2095-2099
Author(s):  
Prajwal Chandrakant Sapkal
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Remote Location ◽  
Python Language ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Main Component

In this project, we are going to present a system for sleep detection alarm to monitor the driver, based on the real time surveillance and alert him as well as post it at remote location whenever it’s necessary using cloud platform. This device is to be developed using the Raspberry Pi, Open CV library and camera module. The required coding part of the project will be done using Python language. The main component of the project will be pretrained landmark detector as a software part. It identifies 68 points on the human face. The Dlib’s landmark will detect 68 facial landmarks which enables us to extract the various facial structures using simple Python array slices. The facial landmarks of fully closed eye and a fully opened eye will be first plotted. This data is further processed and tested with some results which will give the information about driver’s alertness. Once the facial landmarks associated with an eye are determined, we can apply the Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) algorithm. In our case, we’ll be monitoring the eye aspect ratio to see if the values of the facial landmarks, thus implying that the driver/user has closed their eyes or distracted from driving or yawn. Once implemented, our algorithm will start by localising the facial landmarks on real time basis. We can then will be able to monitor the eye aspect ratio to determine if the eyes are close or nearly close which will be the indicator for driver is falling asleep. And then finally raising an alarm if the eye aspect ratio is below a pre-defined threshold for a sufficiently long amount of time. The alarm will be loud enough to wake up the driver and bring back his attention. At the same time data is passed to remote location using cloud whenever it’s necessary.

Real-time classification for autonomous drowsiness detection using eye aspect ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 113505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Bezerra Souto Maior ◽  
Márcio José das Chagas Moura ◽  
João Mateus Marques Santana ◽  
Isis Didier Lins
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Real Time Classification
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