Requirements for the Optimal Design for the Metasystematic Sustainability of Digital Double-Form Systems

The United Nations defined tenable progress as a development that responds to the demands of the current without adjusting the capacity of further generations to fulfil their own requirements; this is a fundamental idea in this article. This study recognizes three aspects, financial, social, and environmental sustainability, although its emphasis is on the latter. An electronic copy is sometimes characterized a physical thing, a real counterpart, and the data, which indicates the presence of a connector and block for effective and efficient data transmission. This article offers a systematic literature review on the sustainability of designed technology-based systems. This article also introduces the major requirements which can be helpful in designing optimal design for sustainability of a digital double-form system. Many articles on DT have also been chosen since they referenced the studied SLRs and were deemed to be significant for the objectives of this study. Selected and analysed for papers revealed so many flaws and challenges: the boons of are not clear; DTs throughout the result the wheel of life of the DTs is not adequately surveyed; DTs can contribute to cost reduction or to support decision-making is unclear; Internet practice should be improved and better integrated Moreover, it has not been feasible from our study to locate a publication which solely discusses DTs in relation with situational sustainability.

Color star tracking II: matching

A novel matching algorithm is presented that can identify stars using raw images of the sky obtained from a CMOS color filter array detector. The algorithm combines geometric information with amplitude ratios calculated from the red, green, and blue color color channels. Conventional algorithms that match stars based solely on inter-star geometry (and sometimes relative brightness), typically require three or more stars for a confident star match. In contrast, the presented algorithms are able to find matches with only two imaged stars in most regions of the sky. The necessary catalog preparation and a simple star-pair matching algorithm based on combined color intensity ratios and the angular spacing are discussed. Results from a large set of simulation trials and initial results from sensor field testing are presented.<div>Copyright 2013 Society of Photo‑Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this publication for a fee or for commercial purposes, and modification of the contents of the publication are prohibited.<br></div><div><br><div><br></div></div>

Electronic Documents in Archives’ Information Exchange System

The functioning of various types of documents in the information space is determined by new technologies: social networks, blogs, forums, Internet exhibitions, electronic periodicals and non-periodical editions; they directly affect the formation of ethical, political, socio-cultural perceptions of modern users. There is a tendency to diversify these technologies as applicable to various types of electronic documents and for purposes of their use. Nowadays, the archives face a number of important tasks concerning study, analysis, admission for storage, and further use of documents. Among the issues requiring consideration and clarification in relation to electronic documents there is definition of the original, distinction between the original and electronic copy, the original and falsified document, definition of its material carrier, broadcasting of information, as well as some legal issues, primarily, questions of ownership, copyright, etc. The accumulation of information in the virtual sphere proceeds in various forms: there are photographs, videos from digital cameras, all kinds of electronic documents; it necessitates a clarification of some provisions concerning acquisition, storage, and usage of the documents and the information they contain. The article uses a research metaphor of “digital cultural layer” to express the changes in the archival sphere, where there emerges a new layer (complex) of electronic documents that has been created and is functioning in the virtual sphere. Electronic digital document doesn’t fit the usual paradigm, according to which a document always has a visualized material medium. The notion of the “original” becomes a subject for clarification. Acceptance of electronic documents for storage leads to adjustment of such traditional notions as “storage item” and “record-keeping item.” Identification of electronic document also requires clarification, since it does not lend itself to “identification” in the usual sense and we can only speak of conditional identification. The issues of acquisition, storage, and usage of electronic documents are considered in the article on the example of personal collections. As a significant part of citizens participate in various forms of social activity on the Internet (blogs, forums, electronic correspondence, etc.), thus expanding the social base of creators and holders of personal information, the near future will see a replenishment of personal provenance collections by electronic documents of personal origin.

Controlled Digital Lending

Controlled digital lending is an intriguing model for libraries to make books available digitally. Building on fair use and the first sale doctrine, libraries digitize their print books, put the print books in dark storage, and lend one electronic copy for each print copy on a platform that prevents users from copying or redistributing electronic versions. The concept empowers libraries to digitize in-copyright books when there are no alternatives available in the e-book licensing market. AMBS Library experimented with a small pilot controlled digital lending collection using Internet Archive’s established digitization and controlled digital lending services. This session reported on the results of that experiment.

Electronic evidence as a means of evidence in civil proceedings

The article deals with the analysis of electronic evidence as a new means of evidence in civil proceedings. Due to the constant changes of the information environment and the improvement of information technologies there arises the question of consolidating the evidence obtained in the information space. The example of this evidence is the electronic evidence that provides information in electronic (digital) form containing information about the circumstances that matter to the case. There is defined, for the first time, the electronic evidence and the procedure for its submission and investigation at the legislative level. In procedural law such innovations are one of the means of achieving the effectiveness of civil justice, as they facilitate the full, comprehensive consideration and resolution of a civil lawsuit, the establishment of the true circumstances of the case, and the adoption of lawful and grounded decisions by courts, which is the purpose of civil justice. Electronic evidence is submitted to the court in three ways: in the original, in the electronic copy certified by an electronic digital signature, in paper copies, certified in the manner prescribed by law. Besides, the party submitting a copy of the electronic evidence must indicate that he/ she or some other person has the original of the electronic evidence. It is the responsibility of the claimant to attach to the statement of claim all the evidence available to support the circumstances on which the claim is based (if written or electronic evidence is provided, the claimant may attach a copy of the relevant evidence to the statement of claim). The claimant can submit electronic evidence using the Unified Court Information and Telecommunication System. In the article, there are highlighted the issues of the concept, nature and types of electronic evidence, the views of scientists on the features and significance of electronic evidence in civil proceedings. Moreover, the article focuses on problematic issues that the legislator should regulate to ensure that participants of the case are able to submit electronic evidence to court and implement their constitutional right to judicial protection. To reach these goals there were analyzed the views of scientists who investigated this type evidence. Unfortunately, the current CCP of Ukraine and other by-laws regulating the Institute of Electronic Evidence do not provide answers to many questions about the use of evidence from purely technical to legal ones. The legislator limited the work only to the general principles of applying a new type of evidence. Therefore, the judicial practice today is controversial when deciding whether electronic evidence is admissible and appropriate. Also in the article there is analyzed the judicial practice regarding the presentation of electronic evidence as the means of evidence to the court by the parties of the case. According to the results of theoretical study, there were made some suggestions to improve the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine.

The “Non-Euclidean Geometry” of the Manuscript: Mikhail Bulgakov’s Digital Archive

The article examines the problem of access to archival sources, many of which are currently closed for research due to a number of reasons, including epidemiological ones. The author sees the solution to the problem in creating special unified electronic archives, in which all information about manuscripts is placed on the Internet site or portal, regardless of where they are located geographically. In the author’s opinion, electronic resources of the “second generation” meet the most complete tasks of scientific research: digital archives that allow not only quickly selecting sources, but also working with an electronic copy of the document identical to the original. Regardless of the scientific qualification of the researcher and the state of the original, any Internet user gets direct access to the electronic copy: they can study it, clarify it, quote it in their works and distribute links to the source. On the material of the “Autograph. The 20th-Century. Digital Archive of Russian Literature” portal, the author describes the process of creating a digital archive as a research work that is located at the junction of two Humanities disciplines: source studies and textual studies. In the course of the research, the author turns to the new materials of the portal – the digital archive of Mikhail Bulgakov. The author gives a detailed description of the history of the writer’s archival collections in various organizations (Institute of World Literature, RAS; Russian State Library; Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts), as well as a description of research works of the past decade on Bulgakov’s artistic heritage. During the writer’s lifetime, the archive was kept by Bulgakov himself, then by his widow, Elena Bulgakova, with a full understanding of the value that the collection as a whole represents. As a result, a huge, interconnected and actually commented complex of manuscripts, albums, correspondence, and visual materials was created. Then the archive was divided into two unequal parts (the Bulgakov-prose writer archive and the Bulgakov-playwright archive) and transferred to two different repositories: the Pushkin House (Fund 369) and the Lenin State library (Fund 562). The Bulgakov collection of the Pushkin House is “adjacent” to the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts funds, which reflect the history of the text based on the materials of organizations (Glavrepertkom, archival funds of theaters, magazines and publishing houses). The author further describes the materials from the Mikhail Bulgakov Fund at the Institute of World Literature, RAS, presented on the “ Autograph. The 20th-Century” portal. The author cites unpublished (or published with notes) sources from the least studied part of the archive – the collection of theater albums. Comparing the theater album devoted to the stage history of the play The Days of the Turbins (The White Guard, The Brothers Turbins) and the text of Theatrical Novel (A Dead Man’s Memoir), the author infers that the album is a kind of a autodocumentary source of the novel, clarifying many controversial points in its interpretation. The genre nature of this type of album requires a separate study. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the ideal material for such research can be the digital archive of Mikhail Bulgakov.

FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING AND PERCEPTION OF TRADITIONAL ART IN VIRTUAL AND DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

The article considers the problem of traditional art functioning in a virtual environment. The most important problem consists in dematerialization of an object, or rather its copy, reproduction, during their conversion into a virtual, electronic-digital dimension. A distinctive feature of the functioning of traditional art in a virtual environment is identified. Emphasis is accorded to the material specifics of works of fine art. The article defines the features of the perception of traditional visual arts in a virtual environment. Multimedia representation resources of the artistic heritage, such as computer graphics and animation, are determined. The diversity of the virtual environment expands the context of traditional art functioning. Meanwhile there are certain negative consequences of digitization of cultural heritage: an electronic copy is not able to substitute the direct communication with a true masterpiece, a flat screen image of an architectural structure does not allow to display it in three-dimensional volume. The possibilities of interactive interplay of participants in artistic process in a virtual environment are considered. As a result, it is concluded that the introduction of digital technologies in the traditional art sphere has an impact both on the structure and the functioning conditions of the artistic image and on its visual perception.

SCIENTIFIC-METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR OBTAINING AN INDIVIDUAL SPOON-BITTING TEMPLATE, PROSTHETICS OF COMPLETE LOSS OF TEETH WITH DENTAL IMPLANT SUPPORT

The technical result of this invention is to reduce the time of restorative orthopedic treatment, to achieve maximum accuracy of the reproduced central ratio of the jaws, high aesthetic results. The delivered technical result is achieved by the fact that an exact copy of the prosthesis is made, which was used by the patient during the integration of the implants, namely, using a 3D scanner, an electronic copy of the removable prosthesis is made, by processing three-dimensional images, an individual spoon-copy of the prosthesis is made from the copy of the prosthesis, then with the help of A copy of the prosthesis is made using a 3D printer and a copy of the prosthesis is used as an individual spoon, then an impression of the oral cavity and the position of the implants is taken with a copy of the prosthesis, finally, a model is made from the impression, thus a copy of the prosthesis is obtained, loosely fitting onto the model, which is an excellent initial setting of new teeth and fixation of the central occlusion. This method and the device obtained according to the method, as well as the use of the method and the device, allow accelerating the process of complete removable prosthetics based on dental implants. In addition, the method makes it possible to make the patient more comfortable getting used to new prostheses on implants

Completing the Basic and Clinical Science Course as a First-Year Ophthalmology Resident

Background The Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) is the primary educational curriculum for ophthalmology resident physicians in the United States. The Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination is an annual evaluation completed by residents that is based primarily on the BCSC curriculum. First-year ophthalmology residents are encouraged to complete the 13 volume BCSC series in preparation for the OKAP examination while balancing a steep clinical learning curve and substantial call schedule. By calculating the daily time commitment necessary to read each volume in the series, we hope to help residents create a realistic study plan to compete the entire BSCS series before the OKAP examination. Methods We determine the word counts of each volume using an electronic copy of the 2018–2019 BCSC series. We include all text sections and legends, and we exclude all figures and tables. We calculate the time per day of dedicated reading required to complete a goal number of BCSC books between the start of ophthalmology residency (postgraduate year 2 [PGY2]) and the OKAP examination by developing a formula that is a function of self-assessed reading speed. Results A first-year ophthalmology (PGY2) resident with an average reading speed of 250 words per minute must read for 25.0 minutes per day to complete the entire BCSC series before the OKAP examination. If studying is initiated at the beginning of intern (PGY1) year, the resident must read for 10.2 minutes per day. We introduce a formula and provide a table to guide residents on the amount of time needed to dedicate to reading the BCSC each day as a function of self-assessed reading speed. Discussion Completion of all volumes of the BCSC requires a daily commitment with little room for missed sessions. The commitment is substantially more realistic if initiated during the PGY1 year; thus, residency programs should encourage an early start to OKAP preparation. We hope with a better understanding of the daily time commitment involved in completing the BCSC series, ophthalmology residents will be able to develop more successful study plans.

Historiografia pedagogiczna w czasopismach tradycyjnych i elektronicznych

Scientific and research periodicals play an extremely important part in popularizing (and promoting) results of research studies, though this role is not equally appreciated across different domains of science. This becomes apparent if we compare the number of traditional and electronic titles of periodicals in such disciplines as medicine, natural science and exact science on the one side, and those that represent the humanities, broadly understood, on the other. The advantage of electronic content in the former group is overwhelming. Nowadays, we use two terms in relation to periodicals available online and launched on the electronic platform. The terms make a distinction between a degree of their involvement in the cyber space. “Digitalization” means a certain transitory state between traditional periodicals in print and virtual publications; in other words, a product of “digitization” is an electronic copy (e.g. a scanned text) of a text originally published in print, whereas the notion of “digital authorship (the author as digital producer), in Polish: cyfryzacja” deals with an entirely electronic publication with specific properties underlined by multimedia and hypertext capabilities. Digital research information as an entirely new quality has not been yet appropriately appreciated. The history of education as a discipline of research does not have its own electronic platform that would offer peer-reviewed research papers in Open Access (OA), e-books or electronic document repositories. For the time being, the most recent Polish periodical within this discipline, i.e. Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, has only a front page, ToCs and a masthead available online, without access to full-text electronic content.