Widespread use in modern heat exchangers and apparatus received
heat exchangers, where the channels have a cross-section, different
from the round tubes, in a particular case, flat channels, where
heat is not produced by means of a full surface to be washed. The
thermal loading of a flat channel can be asymmetric, since the heat
flows on different surfaces can be unequal, namely: flat channels
with one-way heating or with two-way heating with unequal heat
flows. In order to ensure the compactness of heat exchange devices
and heat exchange apparatuses, heat transfer intensification is used,
which in flat channels is achievable by two main methods: the
development of the heat exchange surface and turbulence of the
flow in the channels.