glass melting
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Crystals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Haijian Li ◽  
Hao Zou ◽  
Zhihua Sun ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Changjian Wang ◽  
...  

The composition, structure, and thermal behaviors of yttrium-containing phosphate glasses were studied in this work, and the glass-ceramics were prepared via the two-step crystallization method. The XRD and SEM-EDS results show the forming range of the phosphate glass system and the formation of YPO4 (xenotime) due to the addition of excessive Y2O3. The spectroscopic characterization of these glasses presented shifts of the infrared and Raman bands, demonstrating the depolymerization of the glass network and the formation of novel P–O–Y bonds, and the deconvoluted Raman spectra also exhibited the occurrence of the disproportionation reaction in the glass melting process. The content of non-bridging oxygen (NBOs) from the UV–vis spectra first increased and then decreased with increasing Y2O3. The thermal behaviors show that the Y2O3 reduced the crystallization peak temperature and the thermal stability of the glasses. The crystalline behaviors of the phosphate glass matrix were investigated at different crystallization times of 2–10 h, and a transformation of the crystallization mechanism from surface to volume crystallization was found. The yttrium phosphate glass-ceramics crystallized for 10 h exhibited transformation of the main crystalline phases with increasing Y2O3, and the grain-oriented crystalline surface became irregular.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8603
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gärtner ◽  
Daniel Rank ◽  
Michael Heberl ◽  
Matthias Gaderer ◽  
Belal Dawoud ◽  
...  

As an energy-intensive industry sector, the glass industry is strongly affected by the increasingly stringent climate protection targets. As established combustion-based production systems ensure high process stability and glass quality, an immediate switch to low greenhouse gas emission processes is difficult. To approach these challenges, this work investigates a step-by-step integration of a Power-to-Hydrogen concept into established oxyfuel glass melting processes using a simulation approach. This is complemented by a case study for economic analysis on a selected German glass industry site by simulating the power production of a nearby renewable energy park and subsequent optimization of the power-to-hydrogen plant performance and capacities. The results of this study indicate, that the proposed system can reduce specific carbon dioxide emissions by up to 60 %, while increasing specific energy demand by a maximum of 25 %. Investigations of the impact of altered combustion and furnace properties like adiabatic flame temperature (+25 °C), temperature efficiency (Δξ = −0.003) and heat capacity flow ratio (ΔzHL = −0.009) indicate that pure hydrogen-oxygen combustion has less impact on melting properties than assumed so far. Within the case study, high CO2 abatement costs of 295 €/t CO2-eq. were determined. This is mainly due to the insufficient performance of renewable energy sources. The correlations between process scaling and economic parameters presented in this study show promising potential for further economic optimization of the proposed energy system in the future.


Author(s):  
V. Ya. Dzyuzer

A comprehensive analysis of the quality parameters of fused-cast aluminum-zirconium-silicate (AZS) refractories for glass furnaces has been carried out. It is shown that the assessment of the quality of AZS refractories by the content of ZrO2 and density in them does not give an objective idea of their operational properties. Of fundamental importance are the chemical composition and behavior of the glass phase, which determine the volume and temperature of the onset of exudation. Among the most important conditions for obtaining high-quality AZS refractories, characterized by a melting volume of 2‒3 % of the glass phase and a melting start temperature above 1400 °C, include the oxidative melting technology and the content of impurities in the chemical composition of the refractory no more than 0,25‒0,30 %. The conditions for the service of AZS refractories in the melting basin and the working space of glass-melting furnaces are formulated. Their influence on the course of the exudation process, the corrosion resistance of refractories and the formation of defects in glass is shown. Ill. 2. Ref. 30. Tab. 4.


Author(s):  
Da Xu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Mao ◽  
Dajian Wang

Phosphor-in-glass (PiG) composed of glass matrix and the embedded phosphor particles has been intensively developed to meet the requirement of high-power LED lighting sources. P2O5-based glass matrices are the promising candidates to fabricate high luminescence PiG in view of their low-melting temperature to avoid the erosion of phosphor by glass melting, however, their poor chemical durability limited the practical application. In this work, the water durability of PiG basing on SnCl2–P2O5–ZnO glass matrix embedded with YAG: Ce[Formula: see text] phosphor is demonstrated. With the addition of ZnO, the water durability of SnCl2–P2O5- based PiG is enhanced significantly without obvious loss of light output. The influence of ZnO addition with variable contents on the microstructure, photoluminescent properties and the water durability of the obtained PiG is investigated through a series of characterizations. The obvious improvement of the water erosion resistance induced by adding ZnO provides an optional route to develop higher stability, lead-free, cost-effective low-melting point P2O5-based glass matrix for fabrication of high performance PiG materials.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Symmons ◽  
Mark Lifshotz

Uniciencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Daniel Alfaro-Alfaro ◽  
Luis Salas-Morelli ◽  
Bryan Sánchez-Mejías ◽  
José Mora-Barrantes ◽  
José Pablo Sibaja-Brenes ◽  
...  

The use of fuels, urbanization growth, and economic development have influenced the generation of atmospheric pollutants such as NOx (nitrogen oxides), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and TSPs (Total Suspended Particles). The Costa Rican industrial sector has different category companies such as glass melting and manufacturing of food products and clothing, which release emissions of these pollutants into the atmosphere. The main objective of this research is to generate a preliminary inventory of atmospheric emissions (NOx, SO2, and TSP) from different industrial sectors in Costa Rica. The inventory was conducted in 2019 and included samplings and measurements of pollutants from chimneys of different production processes (companies) from 2014 and 2015.  The sampling and the corresponding measurement of pollutant concentrations (NOx, SO2 and TSP) were conducted using Testo 350 to measure NOx and SO2 and an APEX portable particle counter to quantify TSPs. Data was tabulated using Microsoft Excel, while graphics were generated using R programming language in the R studio interface. The industrial sector entitled “manufacturing of food products” presents the highest amounts of pollutants, with values equal to 1246.14 tons/year, 1959.54 tons/year and 651.01 tons/year for NOx, SO2, and TSP, respectively, for 2014; and 2,622.14 tons/year, 3,257.64 tons/year and 346.40 tons/year, respectively, for 2015. 


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Kristýna Jílková ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
František Lahodný ◽  
Dagmar Galusková ◽  
...  

Analyzing the chemical composition of archaeological glasses can provide an insight into their provenance and raw materials used in their making. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the historical production process itself and melting characteristics of the glasses have not yet been extensively investigated. The main focus of this paper is to describe the melting process of three main types of Bohemian historical glasses: Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.); Renaissance (16th–17th c.); and Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.). The model glasses were prepared from natural raw materials and processes that take place during melting were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, and DTA-TG methods. Furthermore, the viscosity of model glasses and thermal dilatation was measured and used to calculate the reference viscosity points. The results illustrate the complexity of historical glass melting, as well as the technological progress between different periods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 034901
Author(s):  
Daniele Parisi ◽  
Manuel Camargo ◽  
Kalliopi Makri ◽  
Mario Gauthier ◽  
Christos N. Likos ◽  
...  
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