scholarly journals Aislamiento de hongos entomopatógenos en suelo y sobre gallinas ciegas (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) en agroecosistemas de maíz

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manuel Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
Zito Cervantes Espíndola ◽  
Francisco J. Villalobos ◽  
Laura Lina García ◽  
Guadalupe Peña Chora
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

En México se conoce poco sobre la presencia y abundancia de enemigos naturales de plagas suelo como las Phyllophaga spp. Por lo anterior se realizó el presente trabajo con los objetivos de aislar, identificar y conservar entomopatógenos en suelos cultivados con maíz y sobre inmaduros de gallina ciega en el estado de Morelos. En altitudes de 1000 a 2300 msnm, se realizaron cuarenta y cuatro colectas de suelo en sitios georeferenciados (GPS). La detección de hongos se realizó mediante la técnica de insecto trampa, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Además, se colectaron inmaduros de gallina ciega de diversos estadios larvales en diferentes localidades, se separaron por morfoespecie de acuerdo a la forma del ráster y se tomaron fotografías de cada morfoespecie. Tanto de las larvas de G. mellonela como de las gallinas ciegas se realizaron aislamientos e identificación de hongos entomopatógenos. Se identificaron siete morfoespecies y tres especies de Phyllophaga, alimentándose sobre raíces de plantas de maíz, además de tres especies de Paranomala. Se conservan en la Colección del Laboratorio de Control Biológico del Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (con respaldo en la Colección de Hongos Entomopatógenos del CNRCB) cuarenta y ocho aislamientos de hongos entomopatógenos (siete aislados de gallina ciega y 41 de larvas de G. mellonella). De éstos, 15 corresponden a Metarhizium anisopliae, 30 a Beauveria bassiana y tres a Paecilomyces sp. Estos aislamientos poseen un gran valor para la zona, desde el punto de vista de conservación de la biodiversidad de enemigos naturales de plagas agrícolas y por su potencial como agentes de control biológico de GC y otras plagas del maíz. 

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽  
DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽  
María Fernández-Bravo ◽  
Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽  
Enrique Quesada-Moraga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

scholarly journals Macromorfología y crecimiento radial de cepas de hongos entomopatógenos suplementado con polvo de lepidópteros

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. e10164
Author(s):  
Cipriano García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Marina Isabel García-Guajardo ◽  
Guadalupe Vejar-Cota ◽  
Lorenzo Meza-García ◽  
Jesús Alicia Chávez-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Para Determinar

Se estudió la macromorfología de cepas de Beauveria bassiana (B1), Metarhizium anisopliae (M1) e Isaria javanica (HPI-210) y se determinó su crecimiento radial a temperaturas de 25, 28, 30, 35 y 40 °C en medio PDA suplementado con polvos de Diatraea considerata, Spodoptera frugiperda y Galleria mellonella. Los hongos se inocularon adicionando 2 µl de una suspensión con 1 x 107 esporas/ml. Después de 15 días se midió el crecimiento radial de las cepas en mm/d. Para determinar la interacción entre las tres cepas con el polvo de los tres insectos más el control PDA y las cinco temperaturas, se usó un análisis factorial 3 x 4 x 5; los datos del crecimiento de los hongos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA y una prueba de Tukey. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en el crecimiento a diferente temperatura, respecto al control; el crecimiento óptimo en los tres hongos fue a 28 °C, la cepa B1 suplementada con polvo de D. considerata creció 2,76 ± 0,06 mm/d, M1 con G. mellonella 2,77 ± 0,02 mm/d, y HPI-210 con D. considerata 3,27 ± 0,06 mm/d. La cepa B1 creció 0,45 ± 0,03 mm/d, M1 1,22 ± 0,0 mm/d a 30 °C, mientras que HPI-210 no creció después de 28 °C. Estos resultados sugieren que las tres cepas fueron inducidas a crecer mejor por efecto de los medios suplementados con los insectos; a 28 °C, HPI-210 presentó el mayor crecimiento/d (F = 25,24, E8, P = 0,0001) seguido de M1 y B1, mientras que M1 con suplemento de S. frugiperda creció mejor a 30 °C (F = 38,33, E8, P = 0,0001). Estos resultados de crecimiento radial, desarrollo macromorfológico y tolerancia a la temperatura permiten seleccionar a las mejores cepas para evaluar su virulencia en insectos plaga.

Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Galleria mellonella

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid A. Hussein ◽  
Mohamed A. A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Y. Abdel-Mallek ◽  
Saad S. El-Maraghy ◽  
Jin Ho Joo
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella

Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soils from temperate and near-northern habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Bidochka ◽  
June E Kasperski ◽  
Geoffrey AM Wild
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Agricultural Habitat

The occurrence of deuteromycetous entomopathogenic fungi was examined in 266 soil samples representing 86 locations across temperate and near northern habitats in Ontario, Canada. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated by baiting the soil with waxworm larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and incubating at 8, 15, or 25°C. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from 91% of the locations sampled across Ontario. The most abundant species were Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. (357 isolates) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (187 isolates). Thirteen isolates of Paecilomyces spp. were also found. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently in soils from near northern locations, relative to M. anisopliae. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently from larvae baited in soils incubated at 8 and 15°C, while M. anisopliae was isolated most frequently at 25°C. Thus, B. bassiana is more psychrophilic than M. anisopliae. From 47 of the locations in a temperate area (southern Ontario and the Kawartha Lakes region), two sites, one from an agricultural habitat and one from a natural habitat, were sampled within 1 km of each other. In these locations, B. bassiana was predominantly recovered more often from soils of natural habitats, while M. anisopliae was recovered more often in agricultural habitats. The occurrence of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana was not related to soil type or pH.Key words: Metarhizium, Beauveria, entomopathogenic fungi, fungal population biology, soil ecology.

scholarly journals A response of entomopathogenic fungi to botanical fungicides and synthetic fungicides in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Anna Sapieha-Waszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Marjańska-Cichoń ◽  
Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽  
Mieczysław Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Arable Field

The growth colonies' morphology and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi was estimated on Sabouraud medium containing botanical fungicides (Bioczos liquid and Biosept 33 SL), and synthetic ones (Teldor 500 SC and Sumilex 500 SC). Entomopathogenic fungi (<i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Balls.) Vuill., <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Metsch.) Sorok, and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> (Wize) Brown et Smith.), were isolated from soil by means of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae as baits. Isolates Bb I, Ma I, Pf I derivered from herbicide fallow from apple orchard and isolates Bb II, Ma II and Pf II from arable field adjacent to orchard. Fungicides were added to Sabouraud medium at the following concentrations: A-recommended dose, B-10-times lower than the recommended, C-100-times lower than the recommended. The growth of colonies their morphological changes and sporulations were estimated after 5 and 20 days. The same parametrs were observed when fungi were transfered from the medium containing fungicides on the medium with out fungicides. From botanical fungicides Bioczos liquid inhibited fungal growth more than Biosept 33 SL. Both of fungicides were most toxic to fungi at concentration A. Both of <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> isolates were the most sensitive to Bioczos liquid and <i>M. anisopliae</i> to Biosept 33 SL. All concentrations of synthetic fungicides (Sumilex 500 SC, Teldor 500 SC) restricted growth of <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> isolates more from arable soil than from herbicide fallow but opposite reaction was found with respect to <i>P. fumosoroseus</i>.

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