Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soils from temperate and near-northern habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Bidochka ◽  
June E Kasperski ◽  
Geoffrey AM Wild
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Agricultural Habitat

The occurrence of deuteromycetous entomopathogenic fungi was examined in 266 soil samples representing 86 locations across temperate and near northern habitats in Ontario, Canada. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated by baiting the soil with waxworm larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and incubating at 8, 15, or 25°C. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from 91% of the locations sampled across Ontario. The most abundant species were Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. (357 isolates) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (187 isolates). Thirteen isolates of Paecilomyces spp. were also found. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently in soils from near northern locations, relative to M. anisopliae. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently from larvae baited in soils incubated at 8 and 15°C, while M. anisopliae was isolated most frequently at 25°C. Thus, B. bassiana is more psychrophilic than M. anisopliae. From 47 of the locations in a temperate area (southern Ontario and the Kawartha Lakes region), two sites, one from an agricultural habitat and one from a natural habitat, were sampled within 1 km of each other. In these locations, B. bassiana was predominantly recovered more often from soils of natural habitats, while M. anisopliae was recovered more often in agricultural habitats. The occurrence of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana was not related to soil type or pH.Key words: Metarhizium, Beauveria, entomopathogenic fungi, fungal population biology, soil ecology.

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽  
DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽  
María Fernández-Bravo ◽  
Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽  
Enrique Quesada-Moraga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

scholarly journals A response of entomopathogenic fungi to botanical fungicides and synthetic fungicides in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Anna Sapieha-Waszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Marjańska-Cichoń ◽  
Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽  
Mieczysław Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Arable Field

The growth colonies' morphology and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi was estimated on Sabouraud medium containing botanical fungicides (Bioczos liquid and Biosept 33 SL), and synthetic ones (Teldor 500 SC and Sumilex 500 SC). Entomopathogenic fungi (<i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Balls.) Vuill., <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Metsch.) Sorok, and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> (Wize) Brown et Smith.), were isolated from soil by means of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae as baits. Isolates Bb I, Ma I, Pf I derivered from herbicide fallow from apple orchard and isolates Bb II, Ma II and Pf II from arable field adjacent to orchard. Fungicides were added to Sabouraud medium at the following concentrations: A-recommended dose, B-10-times lower than the recommended, C-100-times lower than the recommended. The growth of colonies their morphological changes and sporulations were estimated after 5 and 20 days. The same parametrs were observed when fungi were transfered from the medium containing fungicides on the medium with out fungicides. From botanical fungicides Bioczos liquid inhibited fungal growth more than Biosept 33 SL. Both of fungicides were most toxic to fungi at concentration A. Both of <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> isolates were the most sensitive to Bioczos liquid and <i>M. anisopliae</i> to Biosept 33 SL. All concentrations of synthetic fungicides (Sumilex 500 SC, Teldor 500 SC) restricted growth of <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> isolates more from arable soil than from herbicide fallow but opposite reaction was found with respect to <i>P. fumosoroseus</i>.

scholarly journals Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in arable soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽  
Zofia Miętkiewska
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Ephestia Kühniella

Samples of soil were taken from arable field and from balk. Larvae of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and <i>Ephestia kühniella</i> were used as an "insect bait" for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soil. <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> were isolated from both kind of soil. but <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> was present only in soil taken from balk.

scholarly journals On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Asim Gulzar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

scholarly journals Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Khudhair ◽  
M.Z. Khalaf ◽  
H.F. Alrubeai ◽  
A.K. Shbar ◽  
B.S. Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Agamemnon ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, <em>Oryctes agamemnon arabicus</em> larvae. Four concentrations (1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>7</sup>, 1×10<sup>9</sup> and 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/mL<sup>–1</sup>) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/ mL<sup>–1</sup> with lethal time (LT)<sub>50</sub> 12.75 and LT<sub>90</sub> 20.00; while, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hirose ◽  
Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽  
João A. C. Zequi ◽  
Luís H. Martins ◽  
Cristiane H. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas Multibion<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Selected Entomopathogenic Fungi in Packed Rice Grain at Room Temperature Against Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Samodra ◽  
Yusof Bin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Corcyra Cephalonica ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Moth ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Eight isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated as dried conidia against the rice moth,  Corcyra cephalonica. In bioassays two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BbGc and BbPs) and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (MaPs) consistently gave high mortality to C. cephalonica larvae. Formulations in either kaolin, talc or tapioca flour (20 % w/w a.i.) thoroughly mixed with long grain rice in plastic cups (8 cm diameter by 5 cm) gave complete larval mortality by the 12th day of treatment. However, in general those formulated in kaolin and talc were more efficacious and faster to kill compared to those formulated in tapioca flour or the unformulated control. Even at the lowest rate of 0.05 g BbGc in kaolin provided 100% mortality 7 days after introduction compared with other dust formulations. Isolate BbGc in kaolin and talc administered at 0.4 g a.i. in 200 g rice packed in plastic kept at room temperature provided protection against the rice moth up to 4 months of storage. Larval mortality in excess of 90% was obtained 15 days after introduction. Formulations of MaPs was effective only within the first month of storage beyond which infectivity rapidly declined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document