scholarly journals A response of entomopathogenic fungi to botanical fungicides and synthetic fungicides in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Anna Sapieha-Waszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Marjańska-Cichoń ◽  
Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽  
Mieczysław Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Arable Field

The growth colonies' morphology and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi was estimated on Sabouraud medium containing botanical fungicides (Bioczos liquid and Biosept 33 SL), and synthetic ones (Teldor 500 SC and Sumilex 500 SC). Entomopathogenic fungi (<i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Balls.) Vuill., <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (Metsch.) Sorok, and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> (Wize) Brown et Smith.), were isolated from soil by means of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae as baits. Isolates Bb I, Ma I, Pf I derivered from herbicide fallow from apple orchard and isolates Bb II, Ma II and Pf II from arable field adjacent to orchard. Fungicides were added to Sabouraud medium at the following concentrations: A-recommended dose, B-10-times lower than the recommended, C-100-times lower than the recommended. The growth of colonies their morphological changes and sporulations were estimated after 5 and 20 days. The same parametrs were observed when fungi were transfered from the medium containing fungicides on the medium with out fungicides. From botanical fungicides Bioczos liquid inhibited fungal growth more than Biosept 33 SL. Both of fungicides were most toxic to fungi at concentration A. Both of <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> isolates were the most sensitive to Bioczos liquid and <i>M. anisopliae</i> to Biosept 33 SL. All concentrations of synthetic fungicides (Sumilex 500 SC, Teldor 500 SC) restricted growth of <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> isolates more from arable soil than from herbicide fallow but opposite reaction was found with respect to <i>P. fumosoroseus</i>.

scholarly journals Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in arable soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Miętkiewski ◽  
Zofia Miętkiewska
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Ephestia Kühniella

Samples of soil were taken from arable field and from balk. Larvae of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> and <i>Ephestia kühniella</i> were used as an "insect bait" for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soil. <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> and <i>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</i> were isolated from both kind of soil. but <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> was present only in soil taken from balk.

Different strategies to kill the host presented byMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassiana

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Barbosa Rustiguel ◽  
María Fernández-Bravo ◽  
Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães ◽  
Enrique Quesada-Moraga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Strategy

Studies conducted over the last decades have shown the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of some insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi infect their host through the cuticle, so they do not need to be ingested to be effective. These fungi also secrete secondary metabolites and proteins that are toxic to insect pests. In this context, we analyzed the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) strains IBCB 384 and IBCB 425 and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. strains E 1764 and E 3158 against Galleria mellonella (Linn.) larvae, during pre-invasion and post-invasion phases. The results showed M. anisopliae, especially strain IBCB 384, was most virulent in the pre-invasion phase against G. mellonella, whereas B. bassiana, especially strain E 1764, was most virulent in the post-invasion phase. During in vivo development and in the production of toxic serum, B. bassiana E 3158 was the most virulent. Different fungal growth (or toxin) strategies were observed for studied strains. Metarhizium anisopliae IBCB 425 prioritizes the growth strategy, whereas strain IBCB 384 and B. bassiana strains E 1764 and E 3158 have a toxic strategy. All strains have pathogenicity against G. mellonella, indicating their possible use for biocontrol.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hirose ◽  
Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽  
João A. C. Zequi ◽  
Luís H. Martins ◽  
Cristiane H. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas Multibion<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

Evaluation of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea for Control of Sitophilus oryzae

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
MARIA M. AOUNTALA ◽  
DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Stored Grain Pest ◽  
Petri Dishes

The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest Sitophilus oryzae. The fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in Attica, Greece: B. bassiana from Tatoion, M. anisopliae from Marathon, and I. fumosorosea from Aghios Stefanos) using larvae of Galleria mellonella as bait. Suspensions of 2.11 × 107 and 2.11 × 108, 1.77 × 107 and 1.77 × 108, and 1.81 × 107 and 1.81 × 108 conidia per ml of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea, respectively, were applied by three treatments: (i) sprayed on food and set in petri dishes with adults of S. oryzae, (ii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes without food, and (iii) sprayed on adults of S. oryzae and set in petri dishes with food. The observed mortality of S. oryzae adults during the overall exposure period for the lowest, as well as for the highest, concentrations of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and I. fumosorosea ranged from 0 to 100%. Concentration was, in most of the cases tested, a critical parameter that determined the “speed of kill” of the exposed insect species for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae. Conversely, concentration was not that critical for I. fumosorosea, and survival was high in some of the combinations tested, even after 14 days of exposure. Both in the highest and the lowest concentrations of fungi, the mortality of S. oryzae adults was higher when the fungi were applied on adults than when they were applied on food. Higher mortality was observed when food was absent than when food was present, in most of the cases tested. The high efficacy levels recorded in the current study indicate that the tested fungi could be effective biocontrol agents against S. oryzae.

scholarly journals Influence of pesticides used potatoes control on the growth of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from potatoes fields

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Ryszard Miętkiewicz ◽  
Anna Sapiecha
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Paecilomyces Fumosoroseus ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The growth of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae, M.flavoviridae</em> and <em>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</em> was estimated on Sabouraud's medium to which insecticides and herbicides were added in three doses: A - 10 times higher from recommended field dose, B - as recommended field dose, C - 10 timer lower than recommended. Fungicides were used in B and C doses as well as in dose D - 100 times lower than recomended one. The fungi were obtained from soil under potatoes using <em>Galleria mellonella</em> as bait insect. Chlorothalonil and copper oxychloride were chosen from fungicides, linuron, MCPA, fluazifop-P-butyl and dikwat - from herbicides and deltamethrin, teflubenzuron and fozalon from insecticides. The growth of both species of <em>Metarhizium</em> was stronger inhibited than of <em>Paecilomyces fumosoroseus</em> by fungicides however colonies of <em>Metarhizium</em> always overpassed 50% controls colonies apart from <em>M. flavoviridae</em> on medium with copper oxychloride at concentration B. Herbicide linuron was more toxic to fungi than fungicides. <em>M. anisopliae</em> and <em>M. fluvoviridae</em> did not grow on medium containing dose A and dose B this herbicide but the colonies of <em>P. fumosoroseus</em> at dose B did not overpass 20% of controlled ones. MCPA and fluazifop-P-butyl inhibited fungal colonies in approximated way. On the medium with these herbicides in concentration A fungal colonies were strongly inhibited and the growth of fungi on medium with MCPA at this concentration appeared not before 5 days after inoculation. Dikwat in dose A strongly inhibited the growth of <em>M. anisopliae</em> but in remaining combinations growth of fungal colonies was similar to controlled ones. Fozalon, among insecticides, inhibited the growth of inwestigated fungi strongest. On the medium containing this insecticide in dose A all fungi did not grow, and in dose B colonies of both species of <em>Metarhizium</em> did not overpass 40% of controlled ones. Deltamethrin in dose A and B inhibited the growth of <em>M. anisopliae</em> and <em>M. flavoviridae</em>, but teflubenzuron did not inhibit growth of entomopathogenic fungi at all concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of Agrochemicals Used in the Cultivation of Soybean and Irrigated Rice on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Gonçalves ◽  
Cândida R. J. de Farias ◽  
Victoria Moreira-Nunêz ◽  
Renata Moccellin ◽  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the agrochemicals used in the cultivation of soybean and irrigated rice on entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae by means of the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The isolates were inoculated in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium containing the pesticides and exposed to spraying with the products. It was observed that chlorantraniliprole produced the best results regarding and was compatible with the two methods of contact of the product with the fungi. Flubendiamide it&rsquo;s very toxic to fungi, producing 100% inhibition when incorporated into the medium, when by spraying, the fungus M. anisopliae got mycelial growth. Etofenprox and thiamethoxam changed their toxity classification according to the method of contact with product, was moderately compatible to B. bassiana and compatible to M. anisopliae and spinosad showed more compatibility with M. anisopliae than B. bassiana and was classified as compatible. Among fungicides the tricyclazole was the only compatible with the fungus by the spray method. The results showed that in vitro agrochemicals such as tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and etofenprox are harmful to fungi. It was found that environmental interference could minimize the effects on organisms, especially when the chemicals are applied by spraying.

Occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in soils from temperate and near-northern habitats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Bidochka ◽  
June E Kasperski ◽  
Geoffrey AM Wild
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Agricultural Habitat

The occurrence of deuteromycetous entomopathogenic fungi was examined in 266 soil samples representing 86 locations across temperate and near northern habitats in Ontario, Canada. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated by baiting the soil with waxworm larvae, Galleria mellonella L., and incubating at 8, 15, or 25°C. Entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from 91% of the locations sampled across Ontario. The most abundant species were Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok. (357 isolates) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (187 isolates). Thirteen isolates of Paecilomyces spp. were also found. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently in soils from near northern locations, relative to M. anisopliae. Beauveria bassiana was isolated more frequently from larvae baited in soils incubated at 8 and 15°C, while M. anisopliae was isolated most frequently at 25°C. Thus, B. bassiana is more psychrophilic than M. anisopliae. From 47 of the locations in a temperate area (southern Ontario and the Kawartha Lakes region), two sites, one from an agricultural habitat and one from a natural habitat, were sampled within 1 km of each other. In these locations, B. bassiana was predominantly recovered more often from soils of natural habitats, while M. anisopliae was recovered more often in agricultural habitats. The occurrence of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana was not related to soil type or pH.Key words: Metarhizium, Beauveria, entomopathogenic fungi, fungal population biology, soil ecology.

scholarly journals Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in arable soil and meadow soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Miętkowski ◽  
Cezary Tkaczyk ◽  
Ludwik Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Paecilomyces Farinosus ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Laspeyresia Pomonella

The samples of soil for experiment were taken from arable field and meadow. Larvae of <i>Laspeyresia pomonella</i> and <i>Plodia interpuactella</i> were used as an "insect bait" for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil. <i>Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paecilomyces farinosus</i> and <i>P. fumosoroseus</i> were isolated from both kinds of soil.

Bio-Pesticide Control of the Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in Egypt by using Two Entomopathogenic Fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
The Impact

The current study examined the potential use of entomopathogenic fungi to control infestation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Examination of 514 dogs admitted to veterinary clinics in Egypt revealed that 67.5% were infested with R. sanguineus. Two hundred and sixty adult ticks were collected. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were then tested for their effect on these ticks. The in vitro effect of different concentrations of B. bassiana on engorged females, unfed females, fed males, eggs, larvae, and nymphs was strong for all three concentrations of B. bassiana compared with controls (P<0.05) and white fungal colonies grew on the surface of the ticks. The B1 of B. bassiana (108 conidia/ ml) was the most pathogenic on adult and developmental stages of ticks. The impact of different concentrations of M. anisopliae on adult and developmental stages in comparison with controls was similar, with the growth of green hyphae around eggs and adult ticks which prevented hatching and resulted in tick death. The M2 suspension (107 conidia/ml) had the most potent effect on adult ticks and developmental stages. The efficacy of this suspension was higher than that of the B1 concentration of B. bassiana (98 and 100% respectively). Therefore, 107conidia/ml of M. anisopliae seems to be the most effective fungus to use as bio-pesticide to control different developmental stages of R. sanguineus and may be a reasonable alternative to chemical treatment.

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