scholarly journals Influencia de la densidad de Odocoileus hemionus crooki Mearns, 1897, (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) en la abundancia relativa de Puma concolor stanleyana Goldman, 1938, (Carnivora: Felidae) y la relación en la depredación en una población reintroducida de Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901, (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) en Coahuila, México

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hugo Sotelo-Gallardo ◽  
Juan A. García-Salas ◽  
Armando J. Contreras-Balderas
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Ovis Canadensis Mexicana

Las translocaciones han sido una importante herramienta de manejo para la restauración de poblaciones de borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, 1901) en su rango histórico en Canadá, Estados Unidos y México. Estudios recientes han sugerido que la depredación del puma (Puma concolor stanleyana Goldman, 1938) tiene importantes efectos sobre la dinámica poblacional en grupos reintroducidos y nativos de borrego cimarrón en áreas donde esta especie es simpátrica con venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus crooki Mearns, 1897). Nuestra hipótesis es que, el tamaño de la población de venado bura determinará el tamaño de la población de los pumas que a la vez ejercerá presión sobre la población del borrego cimarrón. El estudio se basó en el monitoreo de 69 borregos cimarrones (28 machos, 41 hembras) capturados con una la técnica de rifle red desde un helicóptero; 43 borregos (3 machos, 40 hembras) fueron equipados con radio collares con sensores de mortalidad y liberados en 3 períodos entre los años 2009, 2012 y 2014; medimos la depredación por puma sobre borrego cimarrón instrumentados con radio collares de telemetría a través de MICROMORTS y la estimación de la densidad del venado bura a través de conteos físicos e índice de relativa abundancia de puma por medio de huella y/o signos en los años de 2009 al 2016. Analizamos las variables mediante un modelo de regresión múltiple encontrando una asociación lineal entre las variables, y la presión que ejerce sobre la población de borrego cimarrón.

Micro minerales en hígado de Ovis canadensis mexicana Merriam, y Odocoileus hemionus eremicus Mearns en Sonora, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genaro Olmos Oropeza ◽  
Guillermo Espinosa Reyes ◽  
Fernando Isaac Gastelum Mendoza ◽  
Luis Antonio Tarango Arámbula ◽  
Saúl Ugalde Lezama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ovis Canadensis Mexicana

Introducción: El borrego cimarrón (BC) y venado bura (VB) son las especies cinegéticas más importantes en el noroeste de México, sus poblaciones pueden ser afectadas por deficiencias de micro-minerales. Objetivo: Determinar la concentración de los micro-minerales Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Co y Cr en hígado como indicadoras de deficiencias/excesos en BC y VB. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó en la UMA “Rancho Noche Buena”, Hermosillo, Sonora, México. A tres BC y cinco VB se les tomaron muestras de hígado. Los micro-minerales se determinaron en espectrómetro de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente cuadrupolo (ICP-MS) y los análisis se validaron utilizando una muestra de referencia. Resultados: En BC los contenidos promedio de Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, y Cr fueron de 114.8, 60.9, 63.8, 1.1, 2.6, y 0.15 mgkg-1, y en VB de 183.9, 28.9, 44.6, 1.2, 2.6, y 0.17 mgkg-1, respectivamente, los cuales son adecuados para animales sanos. Sin embargo, una muestra de BC y dos de VB presentaron deficiencias de Cu, y 60% de los VB de Zn. Asimismo, los contenidos de Co en BC y VB fueron 14.6 y 12.3% inferiores al nivel adecuado. Conclusiones: En BC (n=3) los contenidos de Fe, Zn, Se y Mn fueron adecuados y el Cu fue parcialmente adecuado, en una muestra fue deficiente. En VB, los contenidos de Fe, Se y Mn fueron adecuados. Los contenidos de Cu y Zn fueron parcialmente adecuados en el 40 y 60% de los VB, donde estuvieron en nivel de deficiencia. El Co fue deficiente en ambas especies. Palabras clave: Diagnóstico; microelementos; deficiencias, borrego cimarrón, venado bura.

Impact of puma predation on the decline and recovery of a mule deer population in southeastern Idaho

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Laundré ◽  
L. Hernández ◽  
S.G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Deer Population ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Proximate Factor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

We modeled the impact of puma ( Puma concolor (L., 1771)) predation on the decline and recovery of mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) in southern Idaho based on estimates of puma numbers, predation rates of pumas, and reproductive variables of deer. Deer populations peaked in 1992–1993, then declined more than 55% and remained low for the next 11 years. Puma numbers peaked 4–6 years after deer populations peaked but then declined to original levels. Estimated puma predation on the deer population before and after the decline was 2.2%–3.3% and 3.1%–5.8%, respectively. At high puma densities (>3 pumas/100 km2), predation by pumas delayed deer recovery by 2–3 years. Percent winter mortality of fawns (r2 = 0.62, P < 0.001) and adult female deer (r2 = 0.68, P < 0.001) correlated positively with December–January snowfall. Incorporation of winter snowfall amounts in the model produced a pattern of deer population change matching estimated changes based on field survey data. We conclude that pumas probably were a minor factor in the decline of the deer population in our area and did not suppress deer recovery. We propose that winter snowfall was the primary ultimate and proximate factor in the deer decline and suppression of their recovery.

Seasonal variation in the feeding ecology of pumas (Puma concolor) in northern California

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Allen ◽  
L.M. Elbroch ◽  
D.S. Casady ◽  
H.U. Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Ursus Americanus ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Prey System

Direct effects of predators depend upon factors that can vary across seasons, including variations in the abundance and vulnerability of migrating prey. Past studies show conflicting results of whether puma (Puma concolor (L., 1771)) feeding ecology varies among seasons. We employed GPS collars to study puma feeding ecology in a single-prey system with migratory black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson, 1829)). We hypothesized that puma feeding ecology would vary based on changes in prey abundance and spatial distribution, as well as competition with scavengers and decomposers. Our results supported these hypotheses. Kill rates in number of ungulates/week were significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter, likely owing to the increased availability and density of black-tailed deer fawns. The handling times of black-tailed deer ≥1 year old were significantly higher in winter than in spring, summer, or autumn. We speculated that reduced handling time in summer may have been influenced by black bear (Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780) kleptoparasitism and the decomposition of kills. Pumas killed black-tailed deer at higher elevations in summer than in winter, spring, or autumn, and the elevations correlated significantly with seasonal elevations used by black-tailed deer, suggesting that pumas exhibited seasonal foraging behaviours and tracked prey availability in a system with migrating prey.

scholarly journals Predation impedes recovery of Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep

2021 ◽  
pp. 444-470
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Gammons ◽  
Jeffrey L. Davis ◽  
David W. German ◽  
Kristin Denryter ◽  
John D. Wehausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Ovis Canadensis Sierrae

Translocation of animals into formerly occupied habitat is a key element of the recovery plan for Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae), which are state (California) and federally listed as endangered. However, implementing Sierra bighorn translocations is a significant conservation challenge because of the small size of the extant population and the limited number of herds available to donate translocation stock. One such herd, the Mt. Langley herd, recently became unusable as a translocation source following a substantial population decline. At the time of listing in 1999, predation by mountain lions (Puma concolor; hereafter lion) was considered a primary threat to Sierra bighorn, and since then lion predation may have continued to limit the ability of source herds to provide translocation stock. We evaluated the relationship between lion predation and ewe survival rates within three source herds of the Southern Recovery Unit, compared lion abundance and ewe survival among years of varying predation levels, provided a range of estimated times for the Mt. Langley herd to recover to its former status as a translocation source, and determined if the rates lions have been removed to mitigate Sierra bighorn predation exceeded sustainable harvest guidelines. We found compelling evidence that lion predation has impeded the recovery of Sierra bighorn by reducing survival rates of adult ewes (and consequently, population growth) and by preying upon individuals that could have otherwise been translocated. Ewe survival was poor during years of extreme predation but even during years of typical predation, survival rates were below a level needed to ensure population growth, indicating that years with little or no lion predation may be necessary for the population to grow and meet recovery goals. Because the intensity of predation was related to lion abundance, monitoring lion populations could provide managers with advance warning of periods of extreme predation. We found that following a period of particularly extreme predation, the Mt. Langley herd decreased in abundance far below the threshold needed to be considered a source of translocation stock, resulting in the loss of approximately 25% of the recovery program’s capacity for translocations. It is unclear how many years it will take for this herd to recover, but management actions to reduce lion predation are likely needed for this herd to grow to a size that can afford to donate individuals to translocation efforts in the near future, even when optimistic growth rates are assumed. We found that lion removal may also be needed to prevent predation from leading to Sierra bighorn population decline. Lion removal rates that have been implemented thus far are well below what would be needed to reduce the abundance the eastern Sierra lion population itself. We recommend continued monitoring of Sierra bighorn and sympatric lions and note that lion removal may be required to facilitate bighorn recovery for the foreseeable future.

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