scholarly journals Jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus ex bello y jus post bellum

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Paola Alexandra Sierra-Zamora ◽  
Tania Lucía Fonseca-Ortiz ◽  
Andres Eduardo Fernandez-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum

Just and Unjust Uses of Limited Force

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Brunstetter
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Use Context ◽  
Just War Tradition

Limited force—no-fly zones, limited strikes, Special Forces raids, and drones strikes outside “hot” battlefields—has been at the nexus of the moral and strategic debates about just war since the fall of the Berlin Wall but has remained largely under-theorized. The main premise of the book is that limited force is different than war in scope, strategic purpose, and ethical permissions and restraints. By revisiting the major wars animating contemporary just war scholarship (Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, the drone “wars,” and Libya) and drawing insights from the just war tradition, this book teases out an ethical account of force-short-of-war. It covers the deliberation about whether to use limited force (jus ad vim), restraints that govern its use (jus in vi), when to stop (jus ex vi), and the after-use context (jus post vim). While these moral categories parallel to some extent their just war counterparts of jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum, and jus ex bello, the book illustrates how they can be reimagined and recalibrated in a limited force context, while also introducing new specific to the dilemmas associated with escalation and risk. As the argument unfolds, the reader will be presented with a view of limited force as a moral alternative to war, exposed to a series of dilemmas that raise challenges regarding when and how limited force is used, and provided with a more precise and morally enriched vocabulary to talk about limited force and the responsibilities its use entails.

scholarly journals Droits humains et conflits armés

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-333
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer
Keyword(s):  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Droits Humains ◽  
Conflits Armes

À première vue, il s’agit d’une chose et son contraire : la guerre est tellement le lieu par excellence de la violation des droits humains que leur relation semble se résumer à cet antagonisme primaire — l’un serait la négation de l’autre. La guerre viole les droits et les droits ont la paix, donc l’absence de guerre, comme condition de possibilité. Puis l’on se souvient que, contrairement aux apparences, la guerre n’est pas cet état de non-droit où tout est permis, mais un espace normé, codifié. Il est question des droits humains pendant la guerre — pour dénoncer leur violation, certes, mais la violation des règles n’est pas la preuve de leur absence — mais aussi avant la guerre, puisque certains conflits sont justifiés par la protection des droits des populations locales, ou en vertu d’un « droit de l’humanité » qui serait un intérêt à agir. Les relations entre droits humains et conflits armés sont résumées dans cet article en quatre parties : d’un point de vue historique, d’abord, où l’on montre leur réciprocité (le rôle de la guerre dans l’évolution des droits humains, et le rôle des droits humains dans l’évolution de la guerre). En reprenant la trilogie de l’éthique de la guerre ensuite : la guerre au nom des droits humains (jus ad bellum), les droits humains dans la guerre (jus in bello) et, en guise de conclusion, les droits humains après la guerre (jus post bellum).

scholarly journals Ética militar y fundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Ardila-Castro ◽  
Paola Alexandra Sierra-Zamora ◽  
David Whetham
Keyword(s):  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Toma De Decisiones

Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento central de la carrera militar en Colombia, y destaca la necesidad de que fundamente en todo momento el cumplimiento de la misión constitucional que tienen las instituciones castrenses en el país. A través de tres volúmenes, se describen y analizan críticamente los fundamentos teóricos de la ética que orientan las reflexiones y el quehacer cotidiano de los miembros de las Fuerzas Militares, desde su proceso educativo en las escuelas de formación, hasta los distintos niveles y espacios operacionales en los que se desempeñan. Además, se analizan estudios de caso específicos de aplicación de la ética militar relacionados tanto con escenarios tradicionales, como con los nuevos contextos, caracterizados por los avances tecnológicos, las transformaciones de los actores delictivos, los cambios en las relaciones internacionales, las condiciones particulares de Colombia, entre otros aspectos. En este primer volumen se establecen las bases teóricas y conceptuales necesarias para el estudio de la ética militar. Específicamente, se abordan seis temas principales: el jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus ex bello y jus post bellum; reflexiones teóricas en torno a la filosofía moral, la cultura y la educación; la familia; la corrupción; la toma de decisiones y el planeamiento operacional, y la estrategia. De esta forma, el libro enfatiza la importancia de fortalecer constantemente la ética miliar en Colombia para garantizar a largo plazo el correcto desarrollo de la carrera militar y el bienestar para los habitantes del país.

Imagining jus post vim

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-129
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Brunstetter
Keyword(s):  
Regime Change ◽  
Just War ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
War Crimes Trials

Standard accounts of just war follow a chronological path: deliberating whether to go to war (jus ad bellum), considering what can be done in war (jus in bello), and determining the responsibilities after war’s end (jus post bellum). This chapter challenges the chronological timeline by arguing that understanding jus post vim, or the justice after limited force, is paramount to discerning the just and unjust uses of limited force. Placing the emphasis on the post-force environment first shifts the focus onto the achievable ends, which then recalibrates the goals, and, by consequence, the means employed to achieve them. The chapter thus begins by distinguishing between jus post bellum and jus post vim, with one of the main differences being that the latter is necessarily a form of truncated victory. This circumscribed nature of victory has ethical implications insofar as many of the lofty goals sometimes associated with jus post bellum (rehabilitation, regime change, war crimes trials, etc.) are not feasible objectives of using limited force. Drawing on the classical just war doctrine’s emphasis on the pursuit of order and justice, the chapter identifies the re-establishment and containment principles as markers of moral truncated victory and the committed pursuit of long-term peace. These jus post vim principles reflect the heavy moral lifting that diplomatic measures play in the pursuit of peace once truncated victory is achieved. The chapter concludes by linking jus post vim to conciliation, inviting deeper engagement with non-Western peace practices and traditions.

The responsibilities of victory: Jus Post Bellum and the Just War

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX J. BELLAMY
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Just War ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Moral Requirements ◽  
Moral Questions

AbstractRecent years have seen a growing interest in questions about justice after war (jus post bellum), fuelled in large part by moral questions about coalition operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. As a result, it has become common to argue that jus post bellum is a third strand of Just War thinking. This article evaluates this position. It argues that that there are broadly two ways of understanding moral requirements after war: a minimalist position which holds that moral principles derived largely from jus ad bellum and jus in bello concerns should constrain what victors are entitled to do after war and a maximalist position which holds that victors acquire additional responsibilities that are grounded more in liberalism and international law than in Just War thinking. Finding problems with both approaches, the article argues that it is premature to include jus post bellum as a third element of Just War thinking and concludes by setting out six principles to guide future thinking in this area.

scholarly journals Teori Perang yang Adil : Sebuah Penjelasan dan Argumentasi Kristen

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
Ferry Yefta Mamahit
Keyword(s):  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan berargumentasi secara etis-teologis dan alkitabiah tentang apa dan mengapa sebagian gereja Kristen berpegang pada pandangan teori perang yang adil dalam etika perang mereka. Teori perang yang adil adalah sebuah pandangan yang melegitimasi perang berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan moral yang komprehensif. Perang dapat dibenarkan secara moral jika pemerintah telah mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip keadilan pada saat sebelum perang (jus ad bellum), saat perang (jus in bello), dan setelah perang (jus post bellum). Pandangan berikut praktiknya telah diterima oleh dan mendapat pembenaran secara etis-teologis dan biblis di dalam gereja-gereja Protestan arus utama.

scholarly journals Os direitos dos índios e da guerra segundo Francisco de Vitória: leitura das primeira e segunda relectii sobre os direitos dos índios e da guerra

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 257-290
Author(s):  
Hiago Mendes Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Jus Post Bellum ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria

Trata de uma revisão das primeira e segunda relectii de Francisco de Vitória sobre os direitos dos índios e da guerra, respectivamente. O objetivo é proporcionar uma leitura organizada dos argumentos e pontos essenciais levantados por Vitória no que diz respeito aos título alegados e alegáveis pela coroa espanhola para a conquista do Novo Mundo; bem como sistematizar os elementos de guerra justa explorados pelo autor, de acordo com a divisão contemporânea jus ad bellum, jus in bello e jus post bellum. Neste sentido, obtemos como resultado uma visão em perspectiva da visão política e jurídica apresentada por um dos principais autores no contexto da colonização das américas. É possível observar, ainda, os esforços presentes na escolástica tardia para adequação às mudanças correntes no século XVI, como maior atenção às letras clássicas, interesse voltado para questões atuais e práticas de interesse de estatal. Além, por certo, da forma como a humanidade ameríndia era percebida pelo autor, em uma contribuição para compreender os termos empregados pelos colonizadores dada sua chegada em um novo mundo.

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