The Genesee Connection: The Origins of Iroquois Culture in West-Central New York

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-44
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Palmer Niemczycki
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
The West ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central New York

The Genesee Valley has long been recognized as a center of Iroquois development, but the connection between Owasco sites in the Genesee and Iroquois sequences in the adjacent regions has never been adequately demonstrated. Attempts to identify transitional Owasco-Iroquois sites in this region have been hampered by the use of diagnostic criteria based on data from eastern New York. This article examines ceramic patterns in the Genesee and establishes a regional cultural sequence based on ceramic criteria which have local diagnostic significance. This sequence reveals the transition from Owasco to Iroquois culture begins in the Genesee with a sudden influx of Ontario Iroquois ceramic traits from the west ca. 1250 A.D. This Owasco-Ontario Iroquois connection in the Genesee negates certain assumptions regarding Iroquois origins and alters our current concept of in situ development.

scholarly journals Selection Preferences for Crabapple Cultivars and Species

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Romer ◽  
Jeffery K. Iles ◽  
Cynthia L. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
West Central ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Habits

Crabapples (Malus spp.) are commonly planted ornamental trees in public and private landscapes. Hundreds of selections are available that represent a wide range of growth habits, ornamental traits, and varying degrees of resistance/susceptibility to disease. We distributed 1810 questionnaires in 13 states (Oregon, Washington, Utah, Colorado, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania) to members of either nursery and landscape associations or the Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ACLA, Herndon, Va.) to identify crabapple preferences across a broad geographic region of the United States. We also were interested in learning if regional disease problems were important to green-industry professionals as they decide which crabapples to include in their inventories. Our respondent population numbered 511 (28.2% response rate). A large percentage of respondents (79.4%) said their retail clients focused mostly on fl ower color when choosing crabapples for the home landscape, while commercial clients showed slightly more interest in growth habit (32.5%) than fl ower color (28.7%). `Prairifire' was identified by respondents in all regions, except the west-central (Colorado and Utah), as the crabapple most frequently recommended to clients when tree size is not important. Respondents in the west-central region most often (48.7%) recommend the fruitless selection `Spring Snow'. Respondents in all regions, except the west-central, identified apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) as the most prevalent crabapple disease and named scab-susceptible `Radiant' as the selection most frequently discontinued.

Concentration and flux of solutes from snow and forest floor during snowmelt in the West-Central Adirondack region of New York

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 209-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Rascher ◽  
C. T. Driscoll ◽  
N. E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
The West ◽  
West Central

Wagnerite with isokite from the Benson Mines, west-central Adirondack Highlands, New York

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (383) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard W. Jaffe ◽  
Leo M. Hall ◽  
Howard T. Evans
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
The West ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
West Central ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Transverse Fractures

AbstractThe rare fluophosphate minerals wagnerite, ideally Mg2(PO4)F, and isokite, ideally CaMg(PO4)F, are intimately associated with magnetite-hematite deposits in sillimanite-, garnet-, and pyroxene-rich paragneisses and migmatites at the Benson Mines, near Star Lake in the west-central Adirondack Highlands of New York State. Coarsely crystalline wagnerite occurs in lenticular masses, typically 4 × 8 cm, delineated by sharply cross-cutting, sinuous, 2 cm-wide veins of fine-grained, fibrous to platy isokite and granular fluorapatite. These also penetrate transverse fractures across wagnerite lenses. Isokite formed from the introduction of Ca- and O-rich hydrothermal solutions into wagnerite. Both minerals are monoclinic: wagnerite crystallises in space group P21/a with a = 11.945, b = 12.717, c = 9.70 Å, β = 108.18°, V = 1400.2 Å3, D(calc) = 3.291 g/cm3 for Z = 16; isokite crystallises in space group A2/a with a = 6.909, b = 8.746, c = 6.518 Å, β = 112.20°, V = 364.7 Å3, D(calc) = 3.248 for Z = 4. Optical properties for wagnerite are: α = 1.5845, β = 1.5875, γ = 1.6010, 2V = 51°(calc.) disp = r < v weak, absorption α < β > γ with α = col., β = pale yel., γ = v. pale yel. For isokite only a mean index of refraction, n = 1.598, could be measured. Wet chemical analysis of wagnerite containing a calculated 11.4% of isokite as fine lamellae, gave the formula:

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