The United States Commitment to International Family Planning and Population Programs

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Phyllis T. Piotrow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
High Level

The United States Government has moved in a decade and a half from a policy of sharp repudiation of birth control to broad federal support for family planning at home and overseas. Private organizations and members of Congress were influential in urging government agencies to act. Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon gave high level support. Throughout the country, the concept that nations and families could help to improve their economic position and the quality of life by avoiding unwanted children was widely accepted. For a number of reasons, Congressional support of family planning is strong even though other economic pressures may reduce foreign aid and domestic health and welfare expenditures. Since family planning is an important element in development programs, successes in this field could encourage continuing U.S. support for overseas assistance in general.

Documenting Earthquakes in the United States of the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2554-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Albini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ionian Islands ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Seismic Scenarios ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
High Level

Abstract The seven islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Kephalonia, Ithaca, Lefkada, Zakynthos, and Cythera (Ionian Sea, offshore western Greece) were a British protectorate with the name of “United States of the Ionian Islands” between 1815 and 1864. Although many earthquake studies have already examined the past seismicity of this area, they contain only a few data for a handful of earthquakes, for an area known to be characterized by a high level of seismicity. Against this fragmentary seismological knowledge stands a 50 yr abundant production of local documentary sources of different types and in diverse languages. For this reason and because most of the available sources had not been yet nor systematically looked into in the search for testimonies of earthquake effects, an ad hoc and comprehensive investigation was carried out. The number of records on earthquake effects is huge as well as unexpected, and the quality of the collected records is high. The 147 new macroseismic European Macroseismic Scale 1998 intensity values, accurately assigned on the basis of independent contemporary records only, are presented in the form of timelines of earthquake effects for the main towns of the four islands of Corfu, Kephalonia, Lefkada, and Zakynthos. Besides partially amending the gaps of the knowledge of these 50 yr of seismicity in the Ionian Islands, the great amount of freshly collected data suggests that historical seismological research may effectively contribute to improving the seismic scenarios of past earthquakes in many areas of the world.

Some aspects of Japanese popular music

Popular Music ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitagawa Junko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
United States Government ◽  
States Government ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
General Desire

In 1959, the Conlon report, a presentation of United States government policies in relation to Asian cultures, stated the following about Japanese culture (in a section titled ‘Social change’):Developments within and among the various Japanese social classes suggest the dynamic, changing quality of modern Japan … No area of Japan, moreover, is beyond the range of the national publications, radio, and even TV. New ideas can be quickly and thoroughly disseminated; it is in this sense that Japanese culture can become more standardised even as it is changing. Many of the changes look in the direction of the United States; in such diverse fields as gadgets, popular music, and fashions. American influence is widespread. And this is but one evidence of the general desire to move away from the spartan, austere past toward a more comfortable, convenient future.

Foreign Aid and Social Reform in Political Development: A Philippine Case Study

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wurfel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
States Government ◽  
Aid Policy

Writers on foreign aid policy today generally agree that technical and capital assistance from the United States government can contribute effectively to economic growth in underdeveloped areas. There is much less agreement among them, however, on the ability of the foreign aid program to contribute positively to democratic processes of political and social change. There is still less agreement on the proposal that the United States should, wherever necessary and possible, intentionally attempt to stimulate social change within the context of an aid program. Nevertheless, some general considerations not heretofore presented in juxtaposition, and a case history to illustrate them, tend to support this proposal.

Politics and Population Control in Latin America

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayone Stycos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Margaret Sanger ◽  
States Government

The remarkable change in the United States attitude toward family planning was symbolized last October by President Johnson's acceptance of the Margaret Sanger Award for his “vigorous and farsighted leadership in bringing the United States Government to enunciate and implement an affirmative, effective population policy at home and abroad.” Less than a decade before, when the very mention of Margaret Sanger's name in official circles was considered risque, President Eisenhower had made it clear that family planning was not the business of the U.S. government. Few could have predicted that in 1966 the President of the United States would say, “It is essential that all families have access to information and services that will allow freedom to choose the number and spacing of their children within the dictates of individual conscience.”

Small states as aid donors

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Hoadley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
Foreign Policies

While debate continues on whether the foreign policies of small states are1 or are or not generically different from those of large states, little has been written explicitly about the association of size of donors with the quality of their foreign aid. This essay hypothesizes that the aid policies of small states will differ from those of large states in ways that may be measured empirically, just as Plischke, East, Sawyer, and Hermann have demonstrated with quantitative data that the general foreign policy behavior of small states varies significantly from that of large ones. More particularly, it is hypothesized that small states give higher quality aid, and give it relatively more generously, than large states. This hypothesis is grounded on general impressions—Sweden is widely acknowledged as a “good” donor and the United States an indifferent one—and on extrapolations from small state theory that will be sketched below.

Agricultural Disposals as Foreign Aid: An Appraisal

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Hultman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
States Government

The United States Government, over the past several years, has endeavored to utilize its abundance of agricultural commodities for the promotion of economic development in certain foreign locales. The disposal of surplus food and fiber products purportedly serves the dual purpose of alleviation of domestic over-production and assistance to underdeveloped countries engaged in a struggle for economic advancement. The two programs which attempt an integration of surplus disposal with foreign economic assistance are Section 402 of the Mutual Security Act and the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (PL 480).

“Foreign Aid” to Brazil from Private U.S. Sources

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Erwina E. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
United States Congress ◽  
States Government

At every recent session of the United States Congress foreign aid has been debated, criticized, and eventually enacted into law. Unfortunately, results of the foreign aid program have been less miraculous than its proponents anticipated. Instead of free, happy and productive allies, we find that discontented, disappointed and even resentful nations are recipients of U. S. “foreign aid.”The frustrations and failures inherent in a governmental foreign aid program were publicized by the best-selling polemic, The Ugly American. The authors insisted that much of the trouble with foreign aid was to be found in the naïvete of its originators, the ignorance and incompetence of its administrators, and the general insensitivity of Americans toward peoples of other lands. The indictment provoked angry denials from advocates of foreign aid, and managed to obscure the positive achievements of two decades of assistance by the United States government to many countries where ignorance, poverty and disease were considered to be ineradicable.

The Quality of Family Planning Services in the United States: Findings from a Literature Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davida Becker ◽  
Michael A. Koenig ◽  
Young Mi Kim ◽  
Kathleen Cardona ◽  
Freya L. Sonenstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Planning Services
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