Leveraging Technology in Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Incidence of AD continues to increase, making it the most common cause of dementia and the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. 2018 numbers are expected to double by 2030. OBJECTIVE We examined the benefits of utilizing technology to identify and detect Alzheimer’s disease in the diagnostic process. METHODS We searched PubMed and CINAHL using key terms and filters to identify 30 articles for review. We analyzed these articles and reported them in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS We identified 11 technologies used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease: 66% of which used some form of MIR. Functional, structural, and 7T magnetic resonance imaging were all used with structural being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS MRI is the best form of current technology being used in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease. MRI is a noninvasive approach that provides highly accurate results in the diagnostic process of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Therapeutic Cocktail Approach for Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cell Medicine ◽

10.1177/2155179017722280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 215517901772228 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Leon ◽

Darrell Sawmiller ◽

R. Douglas Shytle ◽

Jun Tan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

The United States ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Common Cause ◽

Total Cost ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cocktail Approach

In the United States, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accompanied by substantial economic and emotional costs. During 2015, more than 15 million family members who provided care to AD patients had an estimated total cost of 221 billion dollars. Recent studies have shown that elevated total plasma levels of homocysteine (tHcy), a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a risk factor for AD. HHcy is associated with cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and dementia; enhances the vulnerability of neurons to oxidative injury; and damages the blood–brain barrier. Many therapeutic supplements containing vitamin B12 and folate have been studied to help decrease tHcy to a certain degree. However, a therapeutic cocktail approach with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, methyl B12, betaine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have not been studied. This novel approach may help target multiple pathways simultaneously to decrease tHcy and its toxicity substantially.

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Radiological-Pathological Correlation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Systematic Review of Antemortem Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-161028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 575-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Caroline Dallaire-Théroux ◽

Brandy L. Callahan ◽

Olivier Potvin ◽

Stéphan Saikali ◽

Simon Duchesne

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Pathological Correlation

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Nanoparticles as contrast agents for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2019-0316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 725-743

Author(s):

Marina Ulanova ◽

Anne Poljak ◽

Wei Wen ◽

Andre Bongers ◽

Lucy Gloag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Literature Search ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Contrast Agents ◽

Comprehensive Literature Search

Nanoparticle (NP)-based magnetic contrast agents have opened the potential for MRI to be used for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This article aims to review the current progress of research in this field. A comprehensive literature search was performed based on PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Scopus databases using the following terms: ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ AND ‘nanoparticles’ AND ‘Magnetic Resonance Imaging.’ 33 studies were included that described the development and utility of various NPs for AD imaging, including their coating, functionalization, MRI relaxivity, toxicity and bioavailability. NPs show immense promise for neuroimaging, due to superior relaxivity and biocompatibility compared with currently available imaging agents. Consistent reporting is imperative for further progress in this field.

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