Alimentary System is Directly Attacked by SARS-COV-2 and might Further Prevent Immune Dysregulation Caused by COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhan Jiang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoqi Ou ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
System P ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Symptom Group ◽  
Related Proteins

BACKGROUND SARS-COV-2 has caused digestive system symptom, while mechanism of which remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the underlying causes and mechanisms of digestive involvement in COVID-19. METHODS Patients with COVID-19 were classified into 4 groups according to symptom. The study conducted bioinformatic analysis and focused on digestive system symptom by comparing its laboratory examinations with other groups. RESULTS By March 16, 25 patients with COVID-19 (3 with digestive system symptom, 14 with respiratory system symptom, 4 with combined symptom and 4 asymptomatic) and 13 with suspect COVID-19 were admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Digestive system symptom group had the highest level of ESR (mm/h, P＜0.0001), serum ferritin (ng/ml, P＜0.0001), hepatic enzymes (P＜0.05), and retentive lymphocyte count/percentage (P＜0.05) and its subsets (P＜0.05). Combined group had the highest level of IL-6 (pg/ml, P=0.0046), CRP (mg/L, P=0.0004) and moderate lymphocyte depletion where respiratory system symptom group suffered the most from lymphocyte depletion (P＜0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated co-expression of binding related proteins of SARS-COV-2 (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) in small intestine. CD147 was extensively expressed in alimentary tract. CTSL, PIKfyve, TPC2 and CTSB could be detected with ≥moderate expressions in a variety of organs including alimentary system. CONCLUSIONS Alimentary system is directly attacked by SARS-COV-2 other than hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation. Involvement of alimentary system might further protect mild and moderate cases from lymphocyte depletion caused by COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None.

scholarly journals Alimentary System is Directly Attacked by SARS-COV-2 and Further Prevent Immune Dysregulation Caused by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Chen ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoqi Ou UG ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Symptom Group ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background SARS-COV-2 has caused digestive system symptom, whereas the role of which remains equivocal.Methods Patients with COVID-19 were classified into 4 groups according to symptom. The study traced the onset and duration of symptoms, compared laboratory examinations among each group and conducted bioinformatic analysis. Immune indices were further analyzed.Results By March 16, 25 patients with COVID-19 (3 with digestive system symptom, 14 with respiratory system symptom, 4 with combined symptom and 4 asymptomatic) and 13 with suspect COVID-19 were admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Digestive system symptom group had the highest level of ESR (mm/h, P༜0.0001), serum ferritin (ng/ml, P༜0.0001), hepatic enzymes (P༜0.05), and retentive lymphocyte count/percentage (P༜0.05) and its subsets (P༜0.05). Combined group (respiratory combined with subsequent digestive system symptom) had the highest level of IL-6 (pg/ml, P = 0.0046), CRP (mg/L, P = 0.0004) and moderate lymphocyte depletion while respiratory system symptom group and asymptomatic group suffered the most from lymphocyte depletion (P༜0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated co-expression of binding related proteins of SARS-COV-2 (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) in small intestine. CD147 was extensively expressed in alimentary tract. CTSL, PIKfyve, TPC2 and CTSB could be detected with ≥ moderate expressions in a variety of organs including alimentary system.Conclusions Alimentary system is directly attacked by SARS-COV-2 other than hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation. Involvement of alimentary system might further protect mild and moderate cases from lymphocyte depletion caused by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Alimentary System is Directly Attacked by SARS-COV-2 and Further Prevents Immune Dysregulation Caused by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Chen ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoqi Ou UG ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
West China Hospital ◽  
West China ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Symptom Group ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background. SARS-COV-2 causes digestive system symptom, the effect of which remains equivocal.Methods. Patients with COVID-19 were classified into 4 groups according to symptom. The study traced the onset and duration of symptoms, compared laboratory examinations and conducted bioinformatic analysis. Immune indices were further analyzed.Results. By March 16, 25 patients with COVID-19 and 13 with suspect COVID-19 were admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Digestive system symptom group had the highest level of ESR (mm/h, P＜0.0001), serum ferritin (ng/ml, P＜0.0001), hepatic enzymes (P＜0.05), and retentive lymphocyte count/percentage (P＜0.05) and its subsets (P＜0.05). Combined group (respiratory combined with subsequent digestive system symptom) had the highest level of IL-6 (pg/ml, P=0.0046), CRP (mg/L, P=0.0004) and moderate lymphocyte depletion. Respiratory system symptom and asymptomatic groups suffered the most from lymphocyte depletion (P＜0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated co-expression of binding related proteins of SARS-COV-2 (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) in small intestine. CD147 was extensively expressed in alimentary tract. CTSL, PIKfyve, TPC2 and CTSB could be detected with ≥moderate expressions in a variety of organs including alimentary system.Conclusions. Alimentary system is directly attacked by SARS-COV-2 other than hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation. Involvement of alimentary system might further protect mild and moderate cases from lymphocyte depletion caused by COVID-19.

Anatomy for surgeons

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di Franco ◽  
G. R. McLatchie
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Anal Canal ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
System P

The female breast 46The endocrine system 48The respiratory system 52The abdominal wall 58The digestive system 64The appendix 72The rectum 74The anal canal 76The liver 78The gall bladder and bile ducts 82The pancreas 84The genitourinary system ...

The Impact of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the Turkish Legal System

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-140
Author(s):  
Ulaş Karan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
System P ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores whether the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) produces any impact on the Turkish legal system and, if so, its possible underlying causes. Protection of intellectual, industrial, and commercial property rights, competition, trade defence instruments, government procurement, direct and indirect taxation have been regarded as the main areas of ‘approximation of legislation’. Accordingly, laws adopted mostly in the past three decades show that the influence of EU law is valid only in certain fields of law, such as intellectual property law, labour law, and competition law, and this is also where we find most CJEU citations. This influence forms part of the EU accession process, which requires Turkey to harmonize its laws with the acquis. According to the research, despite the existence of a long-standing accession process and legislation based on the acquis in certain fields of law, on the whole, the Turkish judiciary does not seem committed to follow EU law in general or CJEU jurisprudence in particular.

The respiratory system

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-272
Author(s):  
Anne Craig ◽  
Anthea Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Respiratory Obstruction ◽  
System P

This chapter discusses hypoxia and respiratory obstruction and the management of hypoventilation. Stridor and laryngospasm, laryngeal and vocal cord damage are described and ways of preventing these from occurring and treating them if they do occur are discussed. Aspiration and its complications and treatment are fully covered.

Preoperative assessment

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Abdullah Jibawi ◽  
David Cade
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
System P ◽  
System Assessment

Preoperative assessment - Assessment of cardiovascular system - Assessment of respiratory system

Therapy-related issues: respiratory system

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wiffen ◽  
Marc Mitchell ◽  
Melanie Snelling ◽  
Nicola Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
System P ◽  
Reliever Medication

Asthma management in adults: British Thoracic Society and SIGN guidelines 390Inhaler techniques 392• Minimize symptoms during the day and night.• Minimize need for reliever medication.• No exacerbations.• No limitation on physical activity.• Achieve best possible pulmonary function.•...

scholarly journals Transient acquired Fanconi syndrome with unusual and rare aetiologies: A case study of two dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
JY Park ◽  
JH Park ◽  
HJ Han ◽  
JH Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fanconi Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Aggressive Care

The acquired form of Fanconi syndrome is seldom identified in dogs; those cases that have been reported have been secondary to hepatic copper toxicosis, primary hypoparathyroidism, ingestion of chicken jerky treats, exposure to ethylene glycol, or gentamicin toxicity. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of acquired Fanconi syndrome secondary to Babesia infection or ingestion of cosmetics in dogs. We here report on two dogs presented with a history of marked polyuria, polydipsia, and lethargy. Laboratory examinations showed glucosuria with normoglycaemia and severe urinary loss of amino acids. One dog was infected with Babesia gibsoni and the other dog had a history of cosmetics ingestion. The first dog received treatment for Babesia infection and the second dog received aggressive care to correct metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, and other add-on deficiencies. In both dogs, the Fanconi syndrome was successfully managed following the treatment for the underlying causes. In conclusion, both Babesia infection and cosmetics ingestion should be considered as a possible aetiology for transient acquired Fanconi syndrome in canine patients.

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