THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

2010 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System

scholarly journals The scRNA-seq Expression Profiling of the Receptor ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 Reveals Human Organs Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jing Qi ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Jiao Hua ◽  
Liying Zhang ◽  
Jialin Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Viral Susceptibility

COVID-19 patients always develop multiple organ dysfunction syndromes other than lungs, suggesting the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 also invades other organs. Therefore, studying the viral susceptibility of other organs is important for a deeper understanding of viral pathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is the receptor protein of SARS-CoV-2, and TMPRSS2 promotes virus proliferation and transmission. We investigated the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels of cell types from 31 organs to evaluate the risk of viral infection using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. For the first time, we found that the gall bladder and fallopian tube are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also identified to be high-risk organs with high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Moreover, the susceptible organs are grouped into three risk levels based on the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. As a result, the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system are at the top-risk level for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides evidence for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, and urinary system using scRNA-seq data, which helps in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

scholarly journals Ammonia-Induced Energy Metabolism Disorder and Autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway in Chicken Livers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Zhiying Miao ◽  
Linlin Ding ◽  
Jun Bao ◽  
Xiaohua Teng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Energy Metabolism Disorder

Abstract BackgroundAmmonia (NH3) is a well-known environmental pollution gas, threatening human health. NH3 is also the most harmful gas to poultry for many years. Some studies have found NH3 can damage eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. However, molecular mechanism of NH3 toxicity on chicken livers remains unclear. MethodsIn this study, we selected chicken liver as research object and successfully duplicated NH3 poisoning model of chickens. The ultrastructure of chicken livers was observed. The activities of ATPases (Na+K+-ATPase, Mg++-ATPase, Ca++-ATPase, and Ca++Mg++-ATPase) and the expression of energy metabolism-related genes (HK1, HK2, PK, PFK, PDHX, CS, LDHA, LDHB, AMPK, SDHA, SDHB, and avUCP) and autophagy-related genes (PI3K, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, SQSTM1, mTOR, ULK1, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG13) were measured to explore the effect of NH3 on energy metabolism and autophagy in chicken livers.ResultsOur results showed that excess NH3 caused liver tissue damage. Meanwhile, ATPases activities were inhibited during NH3 treatment. Moreover, we found that NH3 exposure altered the expression of energy metabolism-related and autophagy-related genes. NH3-induced compensatory increase of AMPK activated autophagy process through inhibiting mTOR and promoting ULK1. In addition. there was dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on all detected indexes in NH3-caused chicken liver damage. ConclusionExcess NH3 induced energy metabolism disorder and autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in chicken livers.

scholarly journals Review on Classical Preparatory Methods of Rasa Dravyaas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-198
Author(s):  
Vandana N. Hirudkar ◽  
Sarita G. Gharde
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

The Ayurveda term Rasashaastra merely involves science of mercury (Parada). This specialized modality works around mineral, metal and precious elements. The drugs or raw materials utilized under category of Rasashaastra are known as ‘Rasa dravyaas’. These drugs offer several therapeutic responses and imparts excellent pattern of drug absorption, assimilation and quick action. Rasa dravyaas are utilized for treating diseases of skin, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system and excretory system, etc. The metal and mineral based products are prepared using specific procedures of purification, mixing, heating, incineration and size reduction, etc. The procedures involves in the preparation of these drugs provides particular characteristics in formulation therefore it is very essential to prepare Rasa dravyaas as per the specified protocol with great precaution, the error in preparation of Rasa dravyaas can hamper quality of drugs and also responsible for adverse reaction. Thus ancient Ayurveda philospher advocated that a learned person should involve in the preparation of Rasa dravyaas with quality check in each step. Present article explores classical preparatory methods of Rasa Dravyaas. Keywords: Ayurveda, Rasashaastra, Rasa dravyaas, Parada

scholarly journals Patterns of Nonemergent Visits to Different Healthcare Facilities on the Same Day: A Nationwide Analysis in Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Meng-Ju Wu ◽  
Li-Fang Chou ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Taiwanese People

Doctor shopping is a common phenomenon in many countries. However, patterns of switching healthcare facilities on the same day were little known. The data were obtained from the longitudinal cohort datasets (LHID2010) of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database in 2010. Of 1,000,000 persons of the cohort with 13,276,928 nonemergent visits, 185,347 patients had visited different healthcare facilities within one day, with a total of 672,478 visits and 337,260 switches between facilities in 329,073 patient-days. While 63.0% (n=212,590) of all switches occurred between facilities of the same accreditation level, 14.1% (n=47,664) moved from lower to higher level, and 22.8% (n=77,006) moved in the opposite direction. In 33,689 switches, patients moved to the same specialty of another facility. In 48,324 switches, patients moved to another facility with the same diagnosis, and the most frequent diagnoses were diseases of the digestive system (11,148) and diseases of the respiratory system (10,393). In a densely populated country without strict referral regulation, a high percentage of Taiwanese people had the experience of visiting different healthcare facilities on the same day. The system of family physicians as personal doctors and gatekeepers to healthcare might ameliorate the harmful impact.

scholarly journals The influence of the extent of infestation by helminths upon changes in body weight of sheep in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Boyko ◽  
N. M. Zazharska ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Muellerius Capillaris

Among the following breeds of sheep, Merino, Bleu du Maine, Bluefaced Leicester, Dorper, Clan Forest, Suffolk, Texel and Beltex, helminths of two classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) have been registered in Ukraine (Dnipropetrovsk oblast). Among the nematodes there were: parasites of the digestive system Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856), Nematodirus sp., Trichuris sp. and parasites of the respiratory system Muellerius capillaris (Muller, 1889). In the excrements of small ruminants, eggs of Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1805) (Cestoda) – helminths of the small intestine, were found. Among all studied animals we found S. papillosus. 58.2% of sheep were infested with H. contortus. The lowest indicators of invasion extensivity were registered for parasitism of Trichuris sp. and M. capillaries. Extensivity of Nematodirus invasion did not exceed 16.3%. This indicator for cestodiasis, specifically monieziasis, among sheep was 25,5%. The range of fluctuation in intensivity of nematode invasion was within 7 to 860 eggs/g of excrement. This indicator for Cestoda invasion did not exceed 350 eggs/g. The highest indicators of average invasion were registered for parasitism by S. papillosus and H. contortus. The lowest average indicators of intensity were found for Trichuris. For Nematoda and Muellerius they were 25.0 and 88.9 individuals/g of feces correspondingly. The greatest influence on changes of body weight in sheep was caused by nematodes of the digestive tract Trichuris sp. and of the respiratory organs M. capillaris. The indicators of Trichuris infection level are the lowest in comparison with other registered helminthiases.

scholarly journals An Ayurvedic Perspective of Hrid Dhauti in Shatkarmas and its Impact upon Human Physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Yadav ◽  
Niyanta Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Physical Discipline

Yoga is an ancient psycho-physical discipline used for the spiritual elevation from centuries. It starts with the sustainability and health of the body as it is the medium of human existence. Hence Yogic science emphasizes cleansing processes for the purification before the practice of asana or pranayama. It is also essential to gain the benefits of further practices such as Asana and Dhyana. Among the cleansing processes, Dhauti is a jewel. It is classified into four categories, Anatar dhauti (Digestive Track), Danta (Mouth), Hrid (Chest), and Moola shodhana (Rectum). In which Hrid Dhauti is prominent one. Here Hrid means heart, while Dhauti refers to wash organs. It is closely associated with the heart and its nearby organs such as stomach. These Hrid Dhauti is further classified into three methods, Danda (stem), Vamana (water vomiting) and Vastra (cloth). It consists of cleaning the esophagus and stomach in three ways and helps in the management of respiratory system and upper digestive system aliments. It also cleans the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to the stomach. Now it is essential to study the yogic techniques from the ayurvedic perspective. This study has been conducted to explore the physiological effect of Hrid Dhauti from the Ayurveda`s perspective.

Alimentary System is Directly Attacked by SARS-COV-2 and might Further Prevent Immune Dysregulation Caused by COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhan Jiang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xiaoqi Ou ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yun Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Lymphocyte Depletion ◽  
System P ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Symptom Group ◽  
Related Proteins

BACKGROUND SARS-COV-2 has caused digestive system symptom, while mechanism of which remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the underlying causes and mechanisms of digestive involvement in COVID-19. METHODS Patients with COVID-19 were classified into 4 groups according to symptom. The study conducted bioinformatic analysis and focused on digestive system symptom by comparing its laboratory examinations with other groups. RESULTS By March 16, 25 patients with COVID-19 (3 with digestive system symptom, 14 with respiratory system symptom, 4 with combined symptom and 4 asymptomatic) and 13 with suspect COVID-19 were admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Digestive system symptom group had the highest level of ESR (mm/h, P＜0.0001), serum ferritin (ng/ml, P＜0.0001), hepatic enzymes (P＜0.05), and retentive lymphocyte count/percentage (P＜0.05) and its subsets (P＜0.05). Combined group had the highest level of IL-6 (pg/ml, P=0.0046), CRP (mg/L, P=0.0004) and moderate lymphocyte depletion where respiratory system symptom group suffered the most from lymphocyte depletion (P＜0.05). Bioinformatic analysis indicated co-expression of binding related proteins of SARS-COV-2 (ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin) in small intestine. CD147 was extensively expressed in alimentary tract. CTSL, PIKfyve, TPC2 and CTSB could be detected with ≥moderate expressions in a variety of organs including alimentary system. CONCLUSIONS Alimentary system is directly attacked by SARS-COV-2 other than hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation. Involvement of alimentary system might further protect mild and moderate cases from lymphocyte depletion caused by COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL None.

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