Distinct Diurnal and Day of Week Online Search Patterns Related to Common Eye Conditions (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Deiner ◽  
Stephen D. McLeod ◽  
Julie M. Schallhorn ◽  
James Chodosh ◽  
Daniel H. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Search Data

BACKGROUND Studies suggest diurnal patterns of occurrence of some eye conditions. Leveraging new information sources such as online search data to learn more about such patterns could improve understanding of patient eye-related conditions and well-being, and improve timing of clinical and remote eye care or of targeted online public health campaigns for hard-to-reach populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate our hypothesis that the public is likely to consistently search about different eye conditions at different hours of the day or days of week, we conducted an observational study using search data for terms related to eye conditions such as conjunctivitis. We assessed whether search volumes reflected diurnal or day-of-week patterns and if those patterns were distinct from each other. METHODS Design: Hourly search data for eye-related and control search terms for 2018 were analyzed and compared. Setting: Data from 10 USA states. Exposure: Internet search. Participants: Populations that searched Google’s search engine using our chosen study terms. Main Outcome Measures: Cyclical hourly and weekly online search patterns. RESULTS Distinct diurnal (P < .001 for all search terms) and day-of-week search patterns for eye-related terms were observed but with differing peak time periods and cyclic strengths. Some diurnal patterns represented those reported from prior clinical studies. Of the eye related terms, “pink eye” showed the largest diurnal amplitude-to-mean ratios. Stronger signal was restricted to and peaked in mornings, and amplitude was higher on weekdays. In contrast, “dry eyes” had a higher amplitude diurnal pattern on weekends, with stronger signal occurring over a broader evening to morning period and peaking in early morning. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of online searches for various eye conditions can show cyclic patterns according to time of day or week. Further studies to understand the reasons for these variations may help supplement current clinical understanding of eye symptom presentation and improve the timeliness of patient messaging and care interventions.

scholarly journals Distinct Diurnal and Day of Week Online Search Patterns Related to Common Eye Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Deiner ◽  
Stephen D. McLeod ◽  
Julie M. Schallhorn ◽  
James Chodosh ◽  
Daniel H. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Search Data

AbstractImportanceStudies suggest diurnal patterns of some eye conditions. Leveraging new information sources such as online search data to learn more about such patterns could improve understanding of patient eye-related conditions and well-being and improve timing of clinical and remote eye care.ObjectiveTo investigate our hypothesis that the public is likely to consistently search about different eye conditions at different hours of the day or days of week, we conducted an observational study using search data for terms related to eye conditions such as conjunctivitis. We asked if search volumes reflected diurnal or day-of-week patterns and if those patterns were distinct from each other.DesignHourly search data for eye-related and control search terms for 2018 were analyzed and compared.SettingData from 10 USA states.ExposureInternet search.ParticipantsPopulations that searched Google’s search engine using our chosen study terms.Main Outcome MeasuresCyclical hourly and weekly online search patterns.ResultsDistinct diurnal (p<0.001 for all search terms) and day-of-week search patterns for eye-related terms were observed but with differing peak time periods and cyclic strengths. Some diurnal patterns represented reported clinical patterns. Of the eye related terms, “conjunctivitis” and “pink eye” had the strongest diurnal cyclic patterns based on peak-to-trough ratios. Stronger signal was restricted to and peaked in mornings, and amplitude was higher on weekdays. In contrast, “dry eyes” had a higher amplitude diurnal pattern on weekends, with stronger signal occurring over a broader evening to morning period and peaking in early morning.Conclusions and RelevanceThe frequency of online searches for various eye conditions can show cyclic patterns according to time of day or week. Further studies to understand the reasons for these variations may help supplement current clinical understanding of eye symptom presentation and improve the timeliness of patient messaging and care interventions.Key PointsQuestionDo online public search engine queries for different eye-health terms follow hourly or daily patterns and do the patterns differ from each other or reflect what is known clinically?FindingsUnique hourly and day of week eye health related search patterns appear diurnal and can reflect what has been observed clinically.MeaningOnline search data may reflect timing of eye conditions and could improve clinical understanding of eye-related symptom occurrence, including outside of clinics. Knowing precisely when patient’s eye condition interests increase holds promise -for example to optimize timing and availability of local or remote eye care resources.

Adaptation of the Composite Scale of Morningness for Parent Report and Results from Kindergarten Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Randler ◽  
Yvonne Truc
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Few Data

Chronotype, or morningness-eveningness, refers to a person’s preference for a given time of day for intellectual and/or physical activities. It has many implications on health, well-being, performance, and daytime functioning. Because few data are available on prepubertal children, we assessed morningness-eveningness in kindergarten children using a parent-report scale, which was an adapted version of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and sleep-wake variables. A total of 199 parents of children from 15 kindergartens participated in the study. The CSM scores were relatively high, with a mean above 40 for all age groups, which clearly indicates that young children are early morning larks. Weekend wake-up times, rise times, bedtimes, and sleep-onset times were later than on weekdays. Sleep length did not differ in this respect, but time in bed was longer on weekends. Midpoint of sleep was earlier on weekdays. Wake times, rise times, bedtimes, and sleep-onset times were inversely correlated with the CSM score, suggesting that morning-oriented children woke up, got out of bed, went to bed, and fell asleep earlier than evening-oriented children. CSM scores correlated negatively with midpoint of sleep. Age correlated with CSM scores and midpoint of sleep.

Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
James E. Kain ◽  
Michael N. Sawka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
The Mean

This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (Tcore) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20°C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences ( P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production (M˙, 150 W ⋅ m−2), heat flow (250 W ⋅ m−2), mean skin temperature (T sk, 21°C), and the mean body temperature-change in M˙(ΔM˙) relationship. Rectal temperature (Tre) was higher ( P < 0.05) before (Δ = 0.4°C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in Tre was greater ( P < 0.05) at 1500 (−1.4°C) vs. 0700 (−1.2°C), likely because of the higher Tre-T skgradient (0.3°C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial Tcore.

scholarly journals Google search behavior for meningitis and its vaccines: an infodemiological study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Angelo Luigi S. Perez ◽  
Adrian I. Espiritu ◽  
Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The internet has made significant contributions towards health education. Analyzing the pattern of online behavior regarding meningitis and vaccinations may be worthwhile. It is hypothesized that the online search patterns in meningitis are correlated with its number of cases and the search patterns of its related vaccines. Methods This was an infodemiological study that determined the relationship among online search interest in meningitis, its worldwide number of cases and its associated vaccines. Using Google Trends™ Search Volume Indices (SVIs), we evaluated the search queries “meningitis,” “pneumococcal vaccine,” “BCG vaccine,” “meningococcal vaccine” and “influenza vaccine” in January 2021, covering January 2008 to December 2020. Spearman rank correlation was used to determine correlations between these queries. Results The worldwide search interest in meningitis from 2008 to 2020 showed an average SVI of 46 ± 8.8. The most searched topics were symptoms, vaccines, and infectious agents with SVIs of 100, 52, and 39, respectively. The top three countries with the highest search interest were Ghana, Kazakhstan, and Kenya. There were weak, but statistically significant correlations between meningitis and the BCG (ρ = 0.369, p < 0.001) and meningococcal (ρ = 0.183, p < 0.05) vaccines. There were no statistically significant associations between the number of cases, influenza vaccine, and pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusion The relationships among the Google SVIs for meningitis and its related vaccines and number of cases data were inconsistent and remained unclear. Future infodemiological studies may expand their scopes to social media, semantics, and big data for more robust conclusions.

scholarly journals Delivering healthcare remotely to cardiovascular patients during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lis Neubeck ◽  
Tina Hansen ◽  
Tiny Jaarsma ◽  
Leonie Klompstra ◽  
Robyn Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Remote Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Background Although attention is focused on addressing the acute situation created by the COVID-19 illness, it is imperative to continue our efforts to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly during a period of prolonged social isolation which may limit physical activity, adversely affect mental health and reduce access to usual care. One option may be to deliver healthcare interventions remotely through digital healthcare solutions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bring together the evidence for remote healthcare during a quarantine situation period to support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation. Methods The PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched using telehealth OR digital health OR mHealth OR eHealth OR mobile apps AND COVID-19 OR quarantine search terms. We also searched for literature relating to cardiovascular disease AND quarantine. Results The literature search identified 45 potentially relevant publications, out of which nine articles were included. Three overarching themes emerged from this review: (1) preparing the workforce and ensuring reimbursement for remote healthcare, (2) supporting mental and physical health and (3) supporting usual care. Conclusion To support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation and to mitigate the effects of quarantine and adverse effect on mental and physical well-being, we should offer remote healthcare and provide access to their usual care.

Intra- and inter-day variability in plasma tCO2 concentration in sedentary horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
B.E. Bergstrom ◽  
J.H. Foreman ◽  
C.R. Foreman ◽  
A.M. Barger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Glass Tubes

Sodium bicarbonate and other alkalinising solutions (‘milkshakes’) have been given to horses surreptitiously before exercise to provide exogenous buffering effects. After an initial positive blood test, some accused horse trainers claim that their horses ‘naturally test high’, so some jurisdictions allow a secured quarantine in which the horse is tested multiple times. The objective of this experiment was to determine the intra- and inter-day variability of plasma total CO2 (tCO2) and other plasma strong ions in a group of sedentary horses housed similarly to a quarantine period. The hypothesis was that plasma tCO2 would not remain constant over a multi-day monitoring interval, but would vary measurably during that interval. Eight sedentary (unconditioned) horses were studied for 2 weeks. Horses were acclimated to a climate-controlled indoor environment and an alfalfa-only diet for a minimum of 10 days prior to sampling. Horses were sampled 3 times daily for 5 consecutive days at 7:00, 11:00 and 15:00 h. Blood samples were collected directly into 10 ml heparinised evacuated glass tubes by jugular venipuncture using a double-ended 0.91 mm needle. Samples were chilled until concentrations of plasma tCO2, Na+, K+, and Cl-, were determined within 1-3 h of sampling using an automated serum chemistry analyzer which was calibrated daily using commercial reagents obtained from the manufacturer as well as externally-obtained NIST-traceable calibrating solutions. Mean results documented mild variations in mean plasma tCO2 (range 28.9-31.6 mmol/l), but individual horses’ plasma tCO2 ranged over 4-7 units. Results showed that there was considerable intra- and inter-individual variability in plasma tCO2. Mean pooled tCO2 and measured strong ion difference (SIDm) differed by time-of-day, with both late morning and early afternoon values lower than early morning values (P<0.001). There was a strong positive linear relationship between plasma SIDm and tCO2 (r=0.75, P<0.001).

scholarly journals Characteristics of Diurnal Rainfall over Peatland Area of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Puad Maulana Mandailing ◽  
Wijaya Mardiansyah ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Arsali Arsali ◽  
Iskhaq Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Diurnal Rainfall

The peak time of rainfall occurrence over an area has certain characteristics in which the difference in time and intensity of rainfall varies depending on its location and distance from the sea. This variation can be determined based on the phase and amplitude obtained using harmonic analysis. In this study, combined data from in-situ observation, satellite remote sensing and reanalysis were used to analyze spatial and temporal variations of peak rainfall events over peatland area of the South Sumatra Province. The results show that most of the South Sumatra Province has a diurnal peak of rainfall during afternoon ranging from 16.00 to 19.00 Western Indonesian Time. In addition, the results also indicate that the analysis on the in situ data revealed seasonal variation both in amplitude and time of maximum diurnal rainfall, while the reanalysis data only indicated a weak seasonal variation on the amplitude of the diurnal rainfall. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that the time of maximum diurnal rainfall has spatial variation. Over the ocean, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during night time/early morning. Over the lowland or coastal area, the time of maximum diurnal rainfall occurs during afternoon, while over the high altitude (mountain) it occurs during late night.

The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation on well-being depend on time of day: The moderating effects of workday accumulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison A. Benedetti ◽  
James M. Diefendorff ◽  
Allison S. Gabriel ◽  
Megan M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Moderating Effects

Abstract T P273: Internet-Based Information Seeking Behavior for Transient Ischemic Attack

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Abedi ◽  
Marieme Mbaye ◽  
Georgios Tsivgoulis ◽  
Shailesh Male ◽  
Nitin Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Information Seeking Behavior ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Google Search

Background &Purpose: In recent years, Internet became an increasingly important tool for accessing health information and is being used more frequently to promote public health. In this study, we used Google search data to explore information seeking behavior for transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: We selected two groups of keywords related to TIA -“Transient Ischemic Attack” and “Mini Stroke” - after examining several related search keywords. We obtained all available online search data performed in the United States from the Google search engine for a ten year span - January 2004 to December 2013. The monthly and daily search data for the selected keywords were analyzed - using a moving window strategy - to explore the trends, peaks and declining effects. Results: There were three significant concurrent peaks in the Google search data for the selected keywords. Each peak was directly associated with media coverage and news headlines related to the incident of TIA in a public figure. (Figure 1) Following each event, it took an average of two weeks for the search trend to return to its respective average value. The trend was steady for “Transient Ischemic Attack”; however, the search interest for the keyword “mini stroke” shows a steady increase. The overall search interest for the selected keywords was significantly higher in the southeastern United States. Conclusions: Our study shows that changes in online search behavior can be associated with media coverage of key events (in our case TIA) in public figures. These findings suggest that online health promotion campaigns might be more effective if increased promptly after similar media coverage.

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