The role of preoperative opioid use in shoulder surgery—A systematic review

Background Emerging evidence suggests preoperative opioid use may increase the risk of negative outcomes following orthopedic procedures. This systematic review evaluated the impact of preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing shoulder surgery with respect to preoperative clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, and postoperative dependence on opioids. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL were searched from inception to April, 2021 for studies reporting preoperative opioid use and its effect on postoperative outcomes or opioid use. The search, data extraction and methodologic assessment were performed in duplicate for all included studies. Results Twenty-one studies with a total of 257,301 patients were included in the final synthesis. Of which, 17 were level III evidence. Of those, 51.5% of the patients reported pre-operative opioid use. Fourteen studies (66.7%) reported a higher likelihood of opioid use at follow-up among those used opioids preoperatively compared to preoperative opioid-naïve patients. Eight studies (38.1%) showed lower functional measurements and range of motion in opioid group compared to the non-opioid group post-operatively. Conclusion Preoperative opioid use in patients undergoing shoulder surgeries is associated with lower functional scores and post-operative range of motion. Most concerning is preoperative opioid use may predict increased post-operative opioid requirements and potential for misuse in patients. Level of evidence Level IV, Systematic review.

The Research on Islamic-Based Educational Leadership since 1990: An International Review of Empirical Evidence and a Future Research Agenda

The aim of the present article was to systematically review international evidence about Islamic-based (a new term we suggest) educational leadership models published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2021. We conducted a systematic review of the literature by following the steps identified by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). These steps were data source identification, search, data collection, eligibility criteria selection, data selection, and data analysis. They were aimed at enabling us to answer the following research inquiries: (1) What are the existing developments in research on Islamic-based educational leadership and policy? and (2) What are the main themes presented in these studies? Here, the results are presented first in a macro-outlook elucidating the main trends of this research (topical areas, geographical areas, approaches, and methods). The main themes that emerge from the analysis are: (a) policy, reforms, and stakeholders; second, educational leadership models and styles; and third, gender, feminism, and social justice. We share theoretical and methodological conclusions and outlines of some possible future research directions to contribute to inter-faith, equity, and diversity.

Associations between COVID-19 mobility restrictions and economic, mental health, and suicide-related concerns in the US using cellular phone GPS and Google search volume data

During the COVID-19 pandemic, US populations have experienced elevated rates of financial and psychological distress that could lead to increases in suicide rates. Rapid ongoing mental health monitoring is critical for early intervention, especially in regions most affected by the pandemic, yet traditional surveillance data are available only after long lags. Novel information on real-time population isolation and concerns stemming from the pandemic’s social and economic impacts, via cellular mobility tracking and online search data, are potentially important interim surveillance resources. Using these measures, we employed transfer function model time-series analyses to estimate associations between daily mobility indicators (proportion of cellular devices completely at home and time spent at home) and Google Health Trends search volumes for terms pertaining to economic stress, mental health, and suicide during 2020 and 2021 both nationally and in New York City. During the first pandemic wave in early-spring 2020, over 50% of devices remained completely at home and searches for economic stressors exceeded 60,000 per 10 million. We found large concurrent associations across analyses between declining mobility and increasing searches for economic stressor terms (national proportion of devices at home: cross-correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.6 (p-value <0.001)). Nationally, we also found strong associations between declining mobility and increasing mental health and suicide-related searches (time at home: mood/anxiety CC = 0.53 (<0.001), social stressor CC = 0.51 (<0.001), suicide seeking CC = 0.37 (0.006)). Our findings suggest that pandemic-related isolation coincided with acute economic distress and may be a risk factor for poor mental health and suicidal behavior. These emergent relationships warrant ongoing attention and causal assessment given the potential for long-term psychological impact and suicide death. As US populations continue to face stress, Google search data can be used to identify possible warning signs from real-time changes in distributions of population thought patterns.

PREDICTION OF VERTICAL IMPACTION OF LOWER WISDOM TOOTH ACCORDING ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHY OF LOWER JAW

Topic relevance. The dental surgeon often is left alone with the dilemma: to save or remove the third lower molars. The justification of indications for tooth extraction must have objective criteria. It should be noted that a patient with this problem does not always have the opportunity to receive comprehensive advice from an orthodontist. In view of this, the solution to this problem requires the search for radiological data, which are the most available today and would help to justify treatment tactics for preservation or removal of the tooth. The conditions of tooth preservation in the dentition are most favorable with a slight medio-distal inclination and a vertical position of the third lower molars. However, this does not exclude the possibility of tooth impaction, which is often accompanied by periodic inflammatory phenomena in the tissues adjacent to the tooth and motivates both the patient and the dental surgeon to solve this problem. The aim of our study was to research of radiographic indicators of orthopantomography of the mandible to predict the vertical retention of the third lower molars. Material and methods of research. The platforms of Google Scholar, Research Gate and PubMed are used for research and analysis of the scientific literature on the application of objective criteria of mandibular orthopantomography data in the prediction of vertical impaction of the third lower molars. Impaction of mandibular molars is the result of a number of factors, including heredity, racial characteristics, muscle function, the nature of the food consumed, insufficient growth of the mandible, the size of the retromolar space. The accurately determination the positions of the molars and the size of the retromolar space of the mandible by available methods of X-ray diagnosis (the most common of which is the method of orthopantomography of the jaws) are necessary to prediction of tooth retention. The accuracy of imaging and measurements on orthopantomograms of the jaws was studied by both domestic and foreign authors. The angle of inclination of lower wisdom tooth, the size of the retromolar space of the mandible and the mesiodistal size of the teeth are determined on OPTG of jaws in the vast majority of publications. The age aspect of patients is also important for prediction of tooth impaction. In particular, most researchers state the fact that up to 20 years of life there is a significant probability of changing the position of the teeth during their eruption and therefore it is quite appropriate to wait. To predict the nature of the impaction of the third lower molars, the authors provide indicators of the angle of the tooth, the structure of their roots, the degree of impact and age of the patient. The publication of Maria Mersedes Gallas-Torreira and co-authors, which compared two methods of linear measurements on OPTG – Olive-Basford’s and Olmos ’methods have greatest interest. Both methods can be used to predict of impaction of lower wisdom tooth. However, if the prognostic estimate is based on orthopantomogram data rather than cone-beam computed tomography, the Olmos` method demonstrates a lower error rate and a more plausible prediction. To substantiate the algorithm for predicting the vertical retention of third lower molar in order to improve treatment tactics for the preservation or removal of the tooth which based on the obtained search data and the results of our own clinical observations and it is planned in the future.

Wood processing for energy use

Forest biomass has been used as an energy source since ancient times. Since then, several ways of using them have emerged, along with technologies to improve their energy quality. One can cite genetic improvement, thermal transformation through pyrolysis for charcoal and torrefied biomass production, and mechanical transformation through compaction, to produce pellets and briquettes and chipping for the production of chips. However, it is somehow difficult to find articles on these topics that are clearly and objectively presented, making it difficult to read them. The objective of this work was to search data on the ways of processing forest biomass and solutions for the better use of this biomass and its energy use. Therefore, Google Scholar was used as a database from which articles already recognized and others with less impact were obtained. The following search words were used: Eucalyptus, Pinus, wood chips, pellets, briquettes, charcoal, and torrefied wood. To filter the results obtained, the articles that appeared as the most relevant were selected first, then filtered for articles with less than five years from publication, and those at less than two years of publication. Next, the selected articles went through a verification of the data contained in them, and the necessary information was removed from each, which were the species, immediate analysis, extractives, HCV, etc. These data were organized in tables according to the type of processing, prioritizing the values of greatest interest in each analysis, along with the appropriate references. It was observed from the data obtained that the results are compatible among different researchers in their analyses. For samples processed without thermal treatment, the initial characteristics of the wood are maintained, and when going through pyrolysis or torrefaction, these characteristics are changed.

Konsep Wabi-Sabi Yang Diterapkan Dengan Teknik Sulam Dan Shibori Pada Busana Outerwear

The creation of a work with the title "The concept of Wabi-Sabi applied with embroidery and shibori techniques in Outerwear Clothing" is the embodiment of individual ideas or thoughts to achieve inner satisfaction which is processed according to the abilities of the author. This work has character and aesthetic value, using balanced ideas, concepts, and techniques. The creation of the work uses the Japanese concept of wabi-sabi which is applied to outerwear inspired by kimono. Approach methods in the creation of works are aesthetic, ergonomic, and semiotic approaches. There are three creation methods used to search data according to the theme raised, namely data collection, data analysis, design, and embodiment. The technique of embodiment of the work applies shibori and embroidery techniques. The works resulting from this creation are four works of art, each of which has its own uniqueness and characteristics in terms of motifs, colors and pieces of clothing. It is hoped that in making this work useful for art connoisseurs and the community. And can contribute and creative discourse about culture and fashion.

Impact of a health campaign on Chinese public awareness of stroke: evidence from internet search data

IntroductionHealth campaigns have the potential to improve public awareness, but their impact can be difficult to assess. Internet search data provide information concerning online health information-seeking behaviour in the population and may serve as a proxy for public awareness to evaluate health campaigns. This study aimed to measure the impact of World Stroke Day (WSD) in China using Baidu search data.MethodsDaily search index values (SIV) for the term ‘stroke’ were collected from January 2011 to December 2019 using the Baidu Index platform. We examined the mean difference in SIV between the 4 weeks surrounding WSD (period of interest) and the rest of the year (control period) for each year by t-test analysis. The mean difference between the period of interest and the control period was also calculated. The joinpoint regression model was used to analyse the trends of internet search activity 30 days before and after WSD for each year (2011–2019). Finally, the top and rising queries related to stroke during the week of the campaign in 2020 were summarised.ResultsA significant mean increase in SIV of 418.5 (95% CI: 298.8 to 538.2) for the period of interest surrounding WSD was observed, 36.2% greater than the SIV during the control period (2011–2019). Short-term joinpoint analysis showed a significant increase in SIV 3 days before WSD, a peak on WSD and a decrease to the precampaign level 3 days after WSD. The rising related queries suggested that the public had increasing concerns about stroke warning signs, stroke prevention and stroke recovery during the campaign.ConclusionsThe WSD campaign increased internet search activity. These research techniques can be applied to evaluation of other health campaigns. Advancing understanding of public demand will enable tailoring of the campaign and strengthen health management.