Market Demand versus Technological Development: the Future of Chemical Engineering

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Chemical Process Industry ◽  
The Future

In today’s economy, Chemical Engineering must respond to the changing needs of the chemical process industry in order to meet market demands. The evolution of chemical engineering is necessary to remain competitive in global trade. The ability of chemical engineering to cope with scientific and technological problems is addressed in this paper. Chemical Engineering is vital for sustainability: to satisfy both the market requirements for specific end-use properties of products and the social and environmental constraints of industrial-scale processes. A multidisciplinary, multiscale approach to chemical engineering is evolving due to breakthroughs in molecular modelling, scientific instrumentation and related signal processing and powerful computational tools. The future of chemical engineering can be summarized by four main objectives: (1) Increase productivity and selectivity through intensification of intelligent operations and a multiscale approach to process control; (2) Design novel equipment based on scientific principles and new production methods: process intensification; (3) Extend chemical engineering methodology to product design and product focussed processing using the 3P Engineering “molecular Processes-Product-Process” approach; (4) Implement multiscale application of computational chemical engineering modelling and simulation to real-life situations from the molecular scale to the production scale.

scholarly journals In the frame of globalization, some tracks for the future of chemical and process engineering

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-115
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Chemical Process Industry ◽  
The Future

In today's economy, chemical engineering must respond to the changing needs of the chemical process industry in order to meet market demands. The evolution of chemical engineering is necessary to remain competitive in global trade. The ability of chemical engineering to cope with managing complex systems met in scientific and technological problems is addressed in this paper. Chemical Engineering is vital for sustainability: to satisfy both the market requirements for specific end-use properties of products and the social and environmental constraints of industrial-scale processes. An integrated system approach of complex multidisciplinary, non-linear non-equilibrium processes and phenomena occurring on different length and time scales is required. This will be obtained due to breakthroughs in molecular modeling, scientific instrumentation and related signal processing and powerful computational tools. The future of chemical engineering can be summarized by four main objectives: (1) Increase productivity and selectivity through intensification of intelligent operations and a multiscale approach to processes control; (2) Design novel equipment based on scientific principles and new production methods: process intensification using multifunctional reactors and microengineering and microtechnology (3) Extend chemical engineering methodology to product design and engineering using the "triplet 3PE molecular Processes-Product-Process Engineering" approach; (4) Implement multiscale application of computational chemical engineering modeling and simulation to real-life situations from the molecular scale to the production scale.

The economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Rozmainsky ◽  
Yulia I. Pashentseva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
External Information ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information Constraints ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Market Capitalism

The paper is devoted to the economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein: the authors perceive rationality as “calculatedness” when making decisions, while the degree of this “calculatedness” is interpreted as a variable. Thus, this approach does not correspond to the generally accepted neoclassical interpretation of rationality, according to which rationality is both full and constant. The authors believe that such a neoclassical approach makes too stringent requirements for the abilities of people. In real life, people do not behave like calculating machines. The paper discusses various factors limiting the degree of rationality of individuals. One group of factors is associated with external information constraints such as the complexity and extensiveness of information, as well as the uncertainty of the future. Another group of factors is related to informal institutions. In particular, the paper states that the system of planned socialism contributes to less rationality than the system of market capitalism. Thus, in the post-socialist countries, including contemporary Russia, one should not expect a high degree of rationality of the behavior of economic entities. The paper mentions, in particular, the factors of rationality caused by informal institutions, such as the propensity to calculate, the propensity to be independent when making decisions and the propensity to set goals. The authors also believe that people who live on their own are usually more rational than people who share a common household with someone else. This assumption is verified econometrically based on data on young urban residents collected by the authors. It turned out that the behavior of people included in this database, in general, corresponds to what the authors believed.

scholarly journals Methods in field chronobiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1734) ◽  
pp. 20160247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide M. Dominoni ◽  
Susanne Åkesson ◽  
Raymond Klaassen ◽  
Kamiel Spoelstra ◽  
Martin Bulla
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Migratory Restlessness ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Future ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Different Levels

Chronobiological research has seen a continuous development of novel approaches and techniques to measure rhythmicity at different levels of biological organization from locomotor activity (e.g. migratory restlessness) to physiology (e.g. temperature and hormone rhythms, and relatively recently also in genes, proteins and metabolites). However, the methodological advancements in this field have been mostly and sometimes exclusively used only in indoor laboratory settings. In parallel, there has been an unprecedented and rapid improvement in our ability to track animals and their behaviour in the wild. However, while the spatial analysis of tracking data is widespread, its temporal aspect is largely unexplored. Here, we review the tools that are available or have potential to record rhythms in the wild animals with emphasis on currently overlooked approaches and monitoring systems. We then demonstrate, in three question-driven case studies, how the integration of traditional and newer approaches can help answer novel chronobiological questions in free-living animals. Finally, we highlight unresolved issues in field chronobiology that may benefit from technological development in the future. As most of the studies in the field are descriptive, the future challenge lies in applying the diverse technologies to experimental set-ups in the wild. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals’.

Shrimp-Artemia-salt integrated system, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Tien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Traditional solar salt pans appeared in Vinh Chau, Soc Trang province and Bac Lieu province in the 1960s (Do, 1998). Crude salt is mainly used for human consumption and to salt fish and fish sauces and therefore its demand is not considerable. Moreover, a large amount of crude salt was produced yearly at the sites which exceeded local consumption needs. Consequently, all salt produced could not be sold which reduced the income of salt farmers. Towards the end of the 1980s, an Artemia culture technique in salt pans for cyst production was developed by the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CAF), Cantho University, which proved to be more profitable than traditional salt production (Vu, 1997). Therefore the technique was immediately transferred to farmers and the production scale increased year by year. This case study describes the system of shrimp, Artemia and salt production which was introduced to salt farmers with the aim of developing a new production system to help to improve their living standards.

The future of HR is being BRAVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Wendy Silver
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Workplace Cultures ◽  
The Way

Purpose Organizations will need HR departments that take bold new approaches if they are to weather the uncertainty and changes on the horizon. This paper aims to discuss what makes an organization or a leader BRAVE, and examples of HR professionals and organizations leading the way are provided to help readers bravely shape their own organizations. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon various real-life examples of organizations whose HR departments are leading the way. Findings Organizations need BRAVE HR professionals and leaders to create, implement and communicate key initiatives to ensure companies make decisions that support workplace cultures that people choose to join and remain a part of. Originality/value No amount of technology can replace the forward-thinking thought, communication and action that being BRAVE requires. This paper will help HR professionals gain a braver perspective.

Hydrogen Chemical Engineering—The Future

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
William J. Nuttall ◽  
Adetokunboh T. Bakenne
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
The Future
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