Identifying In-Group and Out-Group Effects in the Trust Game

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Smith
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Random Matching ◽  
Group Effects

Abstract This paper presents an experiment measuring how lab-induced group identity affects trust and trustworthiness in a repeated trust game with random matching. Identity had positive in-group and negative out-group effects on trust. However, the in-group effect was small and statistically insignificant, while the out-group effect was large. Trustworthiness was determined mainly by reciprocity effects.

Nachbargruppeneffekte bei der Aminolyse von Estern, III. Der verlangsamende Einfluß von Triethylamin bei der Aminolyse von 2-(2-Hydroxybenzyl )phenylacetaten / Neighboring Group Effects in the Aminolysis of Esters, III. The Rate Diminishing Influence of Triethylamine in the Aminolysis of 2-(2-Hydroxybenzyl)phenylacetates

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Böhmer ◽  
Klaus Wörsdörfer
Keyword(s):  
Group Effect ◽  
Neighboring Group ◽  
Tetrahedral Intermediate ◽  
Formation Of Complexes ◽  
Group Effects

Abstract The rate of the aminolysis of 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)phenylacetates with n-butylamine in dioxane is diminished by the addition of triethylamine. This can be quantitatively described by the competitive formation of complexes between monoacetate and n-butylamine or triethylamine, if the assumption is made, that the complex with triethylamine is aminolysed slowly or not at all. The neighboring group effect in aminolysis cannot be explained therefore by a base catalysed decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate.

Coal-Fueled Diesel Cycle Simulation: The Role of Group Effects

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
D. P. Branyon ◽  
J. A. Caton ◽  
K. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Large Momentum ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
Vaporization Process ◽  
Group Effects

An existing coal-water slurry fueled diesel engine cycle simulation was modified to include particle-to-particle and droplet-to-droplet interactions during the combustion and vaporization processes. Two aspects of these interactions, known as group effects, were considered. Group Effect Number 1 (GE1) relates to the species concentrations and temperature profiles between particles during combustion and between droplets during vaporization. Group Effect Number 2 (GE2) relates to the blockage of air entrainment to the fuel region due to the large momentum flux of volatiles and CO during combustion or water vapor during vaporization. The major conclusions were that GE1 affected the detailed process characteristics and in-cylinder conditions, and moderately affected the overall engine performance for the cases studied. These results were largely due to suppression of the water vaporization process relative to the case with no group effects. GE2 did not significantly affect the in-cylinder processes or the overall performance of the engine for the cases studied.

Group Effects of TLP Tendon Driven Piles in Normally Consolidated (NC) Clay

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pile Group ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
Pile Spacing ◽  
Axial Capacity ◽  
Lateral Capacity ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Pile Group Effect ◽  
Group Effects

Long large-diameter driven piles (i.e., 2.0∼3.0m-diameter piles with a 100m penetration or deeper) have been usually used as Tension Leg Platforms’ (TLP) foundations in normally consolidated clay. In order to optimize a design, TLP designers would like to reduce the pile spacing, resulting in a pile group effect issue for pile geotechnical designers. This paper presents the development of a three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA) model using Finite Element Code PLAXIS 3D to investigate the pile group effect of the TLP driven piles in normally consolidated clay. Using this model, a series of FEA runs were carried out. Firstly, the FEA model was used to examine the mobilization of axial capacity and the related group effect of a pile group, with various numbers of piles per group and different pile spacing. Secondly, the FEA model was used to investigate the group effects on the lateral capacity of a pile group, with respects of mobilization of lateral capacity, influence of loading direction, influence of pile spacing, and influence of number of piles in one group. These FEA results were also compared with the literature studies. Finally, recommendations on pile group effects for both axial capacity and lateral capacity were provided for TLP driven pile geotechnical designs in normally consolidated clay.

STUDIES ON GROUP EFFECTS IN CRICKETS: II. A TEMPERATURE AND A CONCENTRATION EFFECT ON ACHETA DOMESTICUS (L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Concentration Effect ◽  
Methyl Laurate ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Group Effects

The group effect in Acheta domesticus (L.) was more marked at 29 °C than, as previously described, at 35 °C. At 29 °C, methyl laurate at a concentration of 0.040 M increased the weight of both singly reared and group-reared males; at a concentration of 0.053 M it had no effect on group-reared larvae but increased the weight of singly reared males and decreased the weight of singly reared females.

The Production of Gesture and Speech by People With Aphasia: Influence of Communicative Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4417-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola de Beer ◽  
Jan P. de Ruiter ◽  
Martina Hielscher-Fastabend ◽  
Katharina Hogrefe
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Gesture Production ◽  
And Task ◽  
Group Effects

Purpose People with aphasia (PWA) use different kinds of gesture spontaneously when they communicate. Although there is evidence that the nature of the communicative task influences the linguistic performance of PWA, so far little is known about the influence of the communicative task on the production of gestures by PWA. We aimed to investigate the influence of varying communicative constraints on the production of gesture and spoken expression by PWA in comparison to persons without language impairment. Method Twenty-six PWA with varying aphasia severities and 26 control participants (CP) without language impairment participated in the study. Spoken expression and gesture production were investigated in 2 different tasks: (a) spontaneous conversation about topics of daily living and (b) a cartoon narration task, that is, retellings of short cartoon clips. The frequencies of words and gestures as well as of different gesture types produced by the participants were analyzed and tested for potential effects of group and task. Results Main results for task effects revealed that PWA and CP used more iconic gestures and pantomimes in the cartoon narration task than in spontaneous conversation. Metaphoric gestures, deictic gestures, number gestures, and emblems were more frequently used in spontaneous conversation than in cartoon narrations by both participant groups. Group effects show that, in both tasks, PWA's gesture-to-word ratios were higher than those for the CP. Furthermore, PWA produced more interactive gestures than the CP in both tasks, as well as more number gestures and pantomimes in spontaneous conversation. Conclusions The current results suggest that PWA use gestures to compensate for their verbal limitations under varying communicative constraints. The properties of the communicative task influence the use of different gesture types in people with and without aphasia. Thus, the influence of communicative constraints needs to be considered when assessing PWA's multimodal communicative abilities.

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