scholarly journals POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ERROR IN CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY

1975 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. LEVIN ◽  
HAROLD A. BALTAXE ◽  
JACK G. LEE ◽  
THOMAS A. SOS
1975 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. LEVIN ◽  
HAROLD A. BALTAXE ◽  
THOMAS A. SOS

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Valerie J. Harvey ◽  
Jeanne M. Baugh ◽  
Bruce A. Johnston ◽  
Constance M. Ruzich ◽  
Arthur J. Grant

Negation poses certain challenges for queries and searches. This paper deals with exclusionary queries implemented using the ISO database language SQL and a dialog-based interface and with retrieval searches involving negation. This research arose because instructors in database courses noticed a large proportion of students making mistakes on certain queries. The paper explores underlying comprehension issues and makes practical recommendations on identifying potential sources of error and avoiding incorrect or misleading results. Proposed actions include changes in general education and database training and encouraging implementation of the new SQL:1999 standard.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene C Grose

Fingerprint identification has long been used by law enforcement to either identify or eliminate potential suspects in a case. It relies on friction ridges – the upraised skin that forms grooves on fingers – and friction ridge impressions, which form from natural secretions of sweat and other trace components. Latent prints, a common term for friction ridge impressions, have many benefits and advantages as a type of forensic evidence. However, they are not a perfect tool: wrongful convictions identified by post-conviction DNA testing and the re-evaluation of forensic evidence have spawned criticism and investigation into the scientific basis of this branch of forensics. This literature review examines literature in both the scientific and legal fields, and investigates three main themes: the principle of uniqueness assumed in individualization, the presence of cognitive bias and human error in analysis, and the changing role of expert testimony in court. There are arguments both for and against uniqueness, but it is still difficult to prove using statistical models and data analysis. Bias in examiners, on the other hand, undeniably exists in different ways, and should be actively guarded against in fingerprint analysis and expert testimony. Expert witness testimony that misleads, exaggerates, or is scientifically unsupportable has been linked to wrongful convictions in the past, highlighting the importance of careful regulation of how an expert witness is advised to testify. In addition to these topics, the techniques of collecting latent print evidence and the standard procedures of analysis have also been examined and evaluated for potential sources of error. Le maintien de l’ordre public utilise depuis longtemps les empreintes digitales pour identifier et éliminer des suspects d’une affaire criminelle. Les empreintes digitales se ent aux crêtes papillaires — les crêtes et les creux qui formes des rainures sur les doigts — et des empreintes des crêtes papillaires, ce qui se forme par les sécrétions naturelles de transpiration et autres composantes de traces. Les empreintes latentes, un terme courant pour les empreintes digitales, possèdent plusieurs avantages en tant qu’élément médico-légal de preuve. Toutefois, ce n’est pas une ressource able; des condamnations injustifiées identifiées par un test d’ADN post-condamnatoire et la réévaluation de l’évidence médico-légale ont frayé des critiques et des enquêtes de la base des sciences des empreintes digitales. Cette revue examine les textes dans les domaines scientifiques et médico-légaux, et examine trois thèmes : le principe d’unicité assumé par l’individualisation, la présence d’un biais cognitif et l’erreur humaine dans l’analyse, et le rôle changeant de témoignages experts devant la Cour. Il existe des arguments pour et contre l’unicité, mais l’unicité est tout de même difficile à prouver en utilisant les modèles statistiques et l’analyse de données. Un préjugé chez les examinateurs, d’autres parts, existe incontestablement, et devrait être activement évité lors de l’analyse d’empreinte digitale et de témoignages experts. Le témoignage d’expert qui induit en erreur, qui est exagéré ou qui est scientifiquement faux a mené à des condamnations injusti ées dans le passé, ce qui met en évidence l’importance d’une législation prudente sur comment l’expert est conseillé de témoigner. En plus de ces thèmes, les techniques de collecte des empreintes digitales latentes et les procédures normales d’analyse ont aussi été examinés et évalués pour des sources d’erreurs potentielles. 


1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Guyette ◽  
Mary A. Carpenter

This study examined the accuracy of pressure-flow estimates of velopharyngeal (V-P) orifice size as applied to an analog model and two human subjects. Accuracy was assessed under differing conditions of degree of nasal resistance and type of instrumental interface. Known V-P orifice openings were introduced in the model through use of cover plates and in the humans through use of modified nasopharyngeal obturators. Nasal resistances were altered with perforated nasal plugs. Instrumental interfaces differed principally in the method used to detect nasal cavity pressure. Measures were applied to the hydrokinetic equation to estimate V-P area values. Data from the analog model and the human subjects were comparable in many respects. In low nasal resistance, area estimates were reasonably accurate regardless of the interface utilized. In high nasal resistance error typically increased, although not equally across interface types. Potential sources of error are identified and discussed.


1949 ◽  
Vol S5-XIX (7-9) ◽  
pp. 657-668
Author(s):  
Djalma Guimaraes

Abstract Discusses the use of the rate of radioactive decay of minerals as a criterion for determining the geologic age of crystalline basement rocks, noting potential sources of error, due largely to lack of consideration of petrogenetic factors, and the reliability of data based on analyses of monazite, whose field of stability is greater than that of other uranium minerals. The Precambrian-early Paleozoic chronology of Brazil is summarized on the basis of age determinations of radioactive minerals. Analyses of fresh and weathered djalmaite from Minas Gerais and monazite from numerous localities are included.


Author(s):  
Giorgos Krikelis ◽  
Matthew T.G. Pain ◽  
Laura-Anne M. Furlong

Abstract In recent years, the use of methods that combine motion capture with ultrasound (MoCapUs) has increased. Although several limitations and individual errors of these methods have been reported, the total error from all the potential sources together has not been estimated. The aim of this study was to establish the total error in the Achilles tendon (AT) measurements, specifically its length (ATL), strain (ATS) and moment arm (ATMA) acquired with MoCapUs during running. The total error from digitising, marker movement, ultrasound calibration and probe rotation errors caused mean ATL error of 4.2 ± 0.6 mm, mean ATMA error of 0.1 ± 0.1 mm, and could potentially alter measured ATS by a mean 2.9 ± 0.2 %. Correcting the calcaneus insertion position (CIP) and properly synchronising ultrasound and motion capture data combined caused ATL and ATMA changes up to 5.4 ± 1.7 mm and 11.6 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. Changes in ATL and ATS due to the CIP correction and synchronisation individually were similar. However, the ATMA change was almost exclusively due to the CIP correction. Finally, if all sources of error were combined, the total ATL error could reach 13.1 mm, the total ATMA error could reach 14.4 mm, and ATS differences could reach up to ± 6.7%. The magnitude such errors emphasises the fact that MoCapUS based AT measurements must be interpreted within the scope of their corresponding errors.


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