scholarly journals Rasionalitas: Overview terhadap Pemikiran dalam 50 Tahun Terakhir

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Individual Judgment ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual

Humans are often viewed as rational beings. Studies on behavioral economics regarding rationality depend on both economic theories of rational decision making, as well as psychological cognitive theories behind mental and behavioral processes. Experimental research over the last half century has shown systematic deviations from the principle of rationality, also called anomaly, in individual judgment and decision-making. The theoretical explanation for the anomaly currently emphasizes on the limitations of individual rationality. Furthermore, limitations in rationality are seen as a universal feature of the individual. However, in recent times, there have been studies that attempt to prove individual differences as a factor behind anomalies in judgment and decision making. This paper attempts to summarize both points of view, and discusses the need to develop an instrument to measure rationality as an individual discriminatory factor in judgment and decision making.

The Decision to Pollute

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Dawes ◽  
J Delay ◽  
W Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Commons Dilemma ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mathematical Model

One way of studying the pollution problem is to examine the decision making process in situations in which gain accrues directly to an individual, while loss is spread out across the group of which the individual is a member. Such a situation has been termed a commons dilemma by Lloyd in 1833; it is a variant of the well known prisoner's dilemma. The mathematical model of rational decision making when facing the commons dilemma implies the dismal conclusion that individuals acting rationally will end up by destroying, or nearly destroying, the common wealth. Suggestions are made concerning ways in which people may be persuaded not to pollute our environment.

Resource-rational decision making

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rahul Bhui ◽  
Lucy Lai ◽  
Samuel J Gershman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Author reply: Empathy Does Provide Rational Support for Decisions. But Is It the Right Decision?

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Breithaupt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Author Reply ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Rational Support ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This article examines the relation of empathy and rational judgment. When people observe a conflict most are quick to side with one of the parties. Once a side has been taken, empathy with that party further solidifies this choice. Hence, it will be suggested that empathy is not neutral to judgment and rational decision-making. This does not mean, however, that the one who empathizes will necessarily have made the best choice.

Evidential Decision Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Evidential Decision Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Evidential Decision ◽  
Theoretic Foundations

Evidential Decision Theory is a radical theory of rational decision-making. It recommends that instead of thinking about what your decisions *cause*, you should think about what they *reveal*. This Element explains in simple terms why thinking in this way makes a big difference, and argues that doing so makes for *better* decisions. An appendix gives an intuitive explanation of the measure-theoretic foundations of Evidential Decision Theory.

Toward More Rational Decision Making

1988 ◽  
pp. 257-283
Author(s):  
Michael R. Gottfredson ◽  
Don M. Gottfredson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Rational Decision Making

scholarly journals The Psychological Puzzle: Contributing Factors to the Top-Down Politicization of Intelligence

Elements ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rational Decision Making

Policy and intelligence are intimately intertwined. Policymakers need intelligence to make decisions, while the intelligence community derives significance from its ability to provide policy makers with reliable information. In this symbiotic relationship, it is healthy for intelligence consumers to at times check and direct the work of intelligence producers. However, if undertaken maliciously, this checking mechanism manifests as top-down politicization. Here, leaders use intelligence post facto to legitimize their policies instead of using it to guide them, reversing the rational decision-making process. Certain factors may compel leaders to manipulate intelligence to reflect their policy preferences. This essay demonstrates how three distinct processes of top-down politicization can arise from ambiguous evidence, the psychology of intelligence consumers, and the nature of the leaders’ political positions and responsibilities. It then proceeds to argue that political leaders’ psychology is the most potent source of top-down politicization.

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