scholarly journals The Effects of Immediate Versus Delayed Teacher Feedback on L2 Writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. p69
Author(s):  
Du Yi

This study examined the differential effects of immediate versus delayed teacher feedback. It attempted to explore how best to give feedback on student writing. The focus was on the effects of feedback on the use of cohesive devices in L2 writing. Immediate feedback was provided during the writing process, while delayed feedback was operationalized after the completion of drafts. Six adult ESL learners were divided into two groups: an immediate feedback group and a delayed feedback group. The learners conducted two writing tasks and received feedback at different stages of the writing process. The results revealed that providing immediate oral feedback by asking questions during the writing process was a more effective way of responding to student writing and that it could benefit not only high proficiency students but also those who were at low proficiency level with no awareness of their writing problems.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Md Ziaul Karim ◽  
Taslima Irine Ivy

The core task of second language (L2) writing teachers is to help students become efficient writers by building up student confidence and providing effective strategies to improve student writing. Teacher feedback given during various stages of process writing can play a vital role in this respect. This paper tried to find out the prevalent forms and nature of teacher feedback in L2 writing classrooms of some private Universities (e.g. dominant forms of feedback, the effect of feedback, amount of importance attached to feedback sessions, attitude towards students in the process & teacher training on feedback). At the same time it also looked into the effect of feedback on students (whether students view feedback as important, what kinds of feedback students prefer, what they expect from the teacher & whether they feel positive about feedback). Based on these findings some suggestions based on recent literature were added to help improve feedback methods according to one's context.Key words: Feedback to L2 writing; Feedback in ESL/EFL classroom; Feedback nature and type in Bangladesh.DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6837Journal of Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers Vol.1(1) 2011 pp.31-48


Author(s):  
Eddy White

Unlike studies of teacher feedback on student writing, research into teacher self-assessment of their own feedback practices is quite rare in the assessment literature. In this reflective case study, the researcher/teacher systematically analyzed feedback practices to clearly determine the form and kind of formative feedback being provided on student essays, and also to compare these feedback practices to recommended practice from the feedback literature. The research took place in an academic English writing course for third-year students at a Japanese university. A close examination of the teacher feedback on the first draft of 21 student essays was undertaken, and more than 800 feedback interventions were identified and coded. Results of this investigation show a number of patterns of practice in giving feedback, including; extensive use of questions in teacher commentary, very limited use of praise comments, and varying amounts of feedback provided on individual essays. Results also show that the feedback practices discovered through this investigation align well with recommended best practice. The case study positions the teacher as ‘learner' in this feedback process, and calls for similar published research describing in detail what teachers do when providing feedback to students on their work.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2109
Author(s):  
Razieh Rabbani Yekta ◽  
Samaneh Dafe'ian

The present study aims at studying the effect of immediate and delayed feedback on the depth of vocabulary knowledge. To this end, two classes were selected from Sokhansara institute of those who were studying at the intermediate level. But, to ensure homogeneity, an OPT was given based on which two groups were selected, one acting as the immediate feedback group (IFG) and the other as the delayed feedback group (DFG). In the next stage, a pretest which was adapted from Read’s Word Association Test was given to assess the students’ depth of vocabulary knowledge before treatment. After that, students in IFG received feedback over their lexical errors immediately in the presentation stages of the lessons, while in DFG, feedback was provided in the practice and production stages of the lessons. At the end of the semester, a parallel post test was given to assess the students’ depth of vocabulary knowledge. As to the analysis of the results, a paired sample Students’ T-Test was run on SPSS to compare the scores of participants in pretest and posttest within each group. An independent sample Students’ T-Test was also run between the post test results to check the differences between two experimental groups. The findings of this research indicate that using delayed feedback has a positive impact on enhancing the depth of vocabulary knowledge of EFL students at intermediate level.


1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Steven Walton Lynn

Kinneavy's theory of discourse and Mathes' concept of contextual editing can be effectively applied to teaching classification in technical writing. My procedure, in the nine steps described here, provides students with an understanding of classification as an analytical and generative tool. Its usefulness in analysis is discovered through a structural study of Mumford's “Machines, Utilities, and ‘The Machine‘”; an awareness of Mumford's classificatory structure helps students understand his essay. Students see for themselves, by organizing facts into paragraphs, the generative power of contextual editing applied to classification; the same kind of structuring Mumford uses can be used in their own writing. This generative application simulates the research-to-writing process and dramatically increases the coherence and clarity of much student writing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Grant Eckstein ◽  
Maureen Sims ◽  
Lisa Rohm

Dynamic written corrective feedback (DWCF) is a pedagogical approach that offer meaningful, manageable, constant, and timely corrective feedback on student writing (Hartshorn et al., 2010). It emphasizes indirect and comprehensive writte error correction on short, daily writing assignments. Numerous studies have demonstrated that its use can lead to fewer language errors among undergraduate and pre-matriculated college writers (see Kurzer, 2018). However, the benefits of DWCF among second language (L2) graduate writers and the role of feedback timing have not been well examined. We analyzed timed writing samples over a 12-week intervention from 22 L2 graduate students who either received biweekly feedback on their writing throughout a semester, or postponed feedback until the last two weeks of the semester. Writing was analyzed for grammatical errors, lexical and syntactic complexity, and fluency. Results showed that neither timely nor postponed feedback led to significant improvement in grammatical accuracy or lexical complexity, but timely feedback did result in more fluent and complex writing. These findings suggest that the timing of feedback may be trivial for accuracy development but is more important for complexity among graduate writers. Teachers, teacher trainers, and writing administrators may use these insights as they plan curricula and design grammar and writing interventions. La rétroaction corrective écrite dynamique (RCED) est une approche pédagogique qui propose une rétroaction significative, gérable, constante et opportune sur les rédactions des étudiants (Hartshorn et al. 2010). Elle insiste sur la correction complète et indirecte d’erreurs dans de courts devoirs de rédaction quotidiens. De nombreuses études ont démontré que son utilisation peut amener les rédacteurs de premier cycle ou pré-inscrits au collège à faire moins d’erreurs de langue (voir Kurzer, 2018). Cependant, les avantages de la RCED chez les rédacteurs diplômés de seconde langue (L2) et le rôle joué par l’opportunité de la rétroaction n’ont pas été bien étudiés. Nous avons analysé des échantillons de rédaction écrites en temps limité sur une période d’intervention de 12 semaines chez 22 étudiants diplômés de L2 qui recevaient de la rétroaction deux fois par semaine sur leurs rédactions pendant la durée du semestre, ou une rétroaction différée jusqu’à deux semaines avant la fin du semestre. Les rédactions ont été analysées pour découvrir les erreurs grammaticales, la complexité lexicale et syntaxique, ainsi que la fluidité Les résultats ont montré que ni la rétroaction opportune, ni la rétraction différé ne se traduisaient par une amélioration marquée de la précision grammaticale ou de la complexité lexicale, mais la rétroaction opportune menait à une rédaction plus fluide et plus complexe. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’opportunité de la rétroaction peut ne pas beaucoup influer sur le développement de la précision, mais s’avère plus importante pour la complexité chez les rédacteurs diplômés. Les enseignants, les formateurs d’enseignants et les administrateurs de programmes de rédaction peuvent se servir de ces résultats lorsqu’ils planifient les programmes et conçoivent les interventions en grammaire et en rédaction.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Outcault Hill ◽  
Robert Caldwell

Discussions among educators at almost any level will invariably result in one point of agreement: students at all levels are under-prepared in writing skills. Unfortunately, this is a conclusion that also predominates much of the research literature on the improvement of student writing as well. Despite the importance attached to high-stakes academic writing skills, research has contributed little insight about the challenges students face with academic writing tasks. Llosa, Beck, and Zhao (2011) point out that the National Commission on Writing in America’s Schools and Colleges found that this lack of understanding of the writing process was so significant that they identified writing as, the “Neglected ‘R’ (National Commission on Writing, 2003; Llosa, Beck and Zhao, 2011). In the following paper, authors Caldwell and Outcault Hill present a broad review of the areas of research into the writing process and assessment of writing and suggest areas where further research is needed. Their discussion focuses on 1) Research related to the influence of Cognitive function on the writing process, 2) Research into teaching various genres such as exposition, argument, narrative, analysis, and creative writing, 3) Research on the assessment of writing, and finally, 4) Research on alternative teaching methods.


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