Deindustrialization and the Changing Spatial Structure of Hong Kong, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paavo Monkkonen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Neighborhood Change ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

Deindustrialization and the rise of the service economy have altered the urban landscape in many countries, and are generally associated with redevelopment in central cities and gentrification. This paper examines the spatial dimension of the transformation of the economic geography of Hong Kong at the turn of the 21st century, asking specifically how the relative centralization of employment and steepening of the bid rent curve has affected the residential location of different income groups. The Hong Kong case is noteworthy due to the speed of deindustrialization, the centralization of employment during this time period, and extensive urban growth due in part to the construction of public housing projects in outlying new towns. The paper describes changes in the distribution of jobs over space and sectors from 1986 to 2006, and analyzes the changes by distance to city center and at the neighborhood level using census, geographic, and administrative data for 150 neighborhoods. Wealth is found to be centralized though this centralization has declined. This decline stems more from an increase in incomes in outlying areas, however, than from a change in incomes in central parts of the city. Public housing plays an important role in limiting income change, as residents of public housing move infrequently, and government investments do not have a significant impact on neighborhood change at the scale measured. The implications for Chinese cities are explored in the conclusion.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Socio-economic Segregation in the City of Johannesburg

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Richard Ballard ◽  
Christian Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Paradoxical Finding ◽  
The City ◽  
White Suburbs

AbstractThis chapter analyses income inequality and socio-economic segregation in South Africa’s most populous city, Johannesburg. The end of apartheid’s segregation in 1991 has been followed by both continuity and change of urban spatial patterns. There is a considerable literature on the transformation of inner-city areas from white to black, and of the steady diffusion of black middle-class residents into once ‘white’ suburbs. There has been less analysis on the nature and pace of socio-economic mixing. Four key findings from this chapter are as follows. First, dissimilarity indices show that bottom occupation categories and the unemployed are highly segregated from top occupation categories, but that the degree of segregation has decreased slightly between the censuses of 2001 and 2011. Second, the data quantifies the way in which Johannesburg’s large population of unemployed people are more segregated from top occupations than any of the other employment categories, although unemployed people are less segregated from bottom occupations. Third, over the same period, residents employed in bottom occupations are less likely to be represented in affluent former white suburbs. This seemingly paradoxical finding is likely to have resulted from fewer affluent households accommodating their domestic workers on their properties. Fourth, although most post-apartheid public housing projects have not disrupted patterns of socio-economic segregation, some important exceptions do show the enormous capacity of public housing to transform the spatial structure of the city.

scholarly journals The role of residential fabric in the configuration of the city in Spain in the 1940s and 1950s. The case of Jaca

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimundo Bambó Naya
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The housing problem was one of the fundamental concerns of the new State that emerged after the Civil War in Spain. Different official bodies were created to this end, facing the need for reconstruction of different cities and villages and the dwelling shortage. During the 1940s and 1950s there was a progressive shift of interest from rural housing to urban housing. A series of residential projects of different nature were developed in towns and cities, modifying their urban configuration. The objective of this work is to study different public housing projects carried out during the 1940s and 1950s in the city of Jaca by Lorenzo Monclús, municipal architect of the city, regional delegate of the National Housing Institute and urban planning technician. On the one hand, the study focuses on the theoretical models and international references on which they are based, the building types, the architectural language, and the design of the urban space. On the other hand, on the adaptability of these models to the existing city structure and its planning: a 1917 extension project according to nineteenth century models, carried out after the demolition of the city walls, and revised on successive occasions during the studied period. This analysis of a local experience is part of a wider debate: that of the urban culture in Spain during the postwar period. Despite all the limitations, modern functionalist urbanism was assimilated through public housing projects and urban extensions with open edification in smaller settlements, with techniques akin to those used in larger cities throughout the country.

Research on the Relation of City Skyline and City: Taking Hong Kong as an Example

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Man Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Lateral Axis

The city skyline reflects the characteristics of urban spatial dimension, also affect the image of the beauty of the city. Its development is related to the natural factors, and associated with urban human factors and historical factors. Based on the current control methods for skyline of numerous cities, this paper takes Hong Kong as a specific case, treating the historical development as the lateral axis and the natural, economic, culture as the longitudinal axis to analyze the relationship between city skyline changes and city, providing conclusions systems.

Forecasting construction durations for public housing projects: a Hong Kong perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W.M. Chan ◽  
Mohan M. Kumaraswamy
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Housing Projects

Standards Versus Struggle: The Failure of Public Housing and the Welfare-State Impulse

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-94
Author(s):  
Howard Husock
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Murder Rate ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Deferred Maintenance ◽  
State Street ◽  
The City

In considering the development and course of the American welfare state, there are some places which are better starting points than others. One such place is the State Street corridor, the series of high-rise Chicago Housing Authority public-housing projects which loom over Lake Michigan. Most Chicagoans, like their counterparts in other cities, have become inured to conditions there: a murder rate far in excess of that of the city as a whole, a society of unemployed single mothers, deferred maintenance that makes stairwells, plazas, and elevators places of danger. Author Alex Kotlowitz decribes the situation of a mother of two boys in Chicago's Henry Horner Homes: “She lived in daily fear that something might happen to her young ones.… Already that year, 57 children had been killed in the city, five in the Horner area, including two, aged eight and six, who died from smoke inhalation when firefighters had to climb the 14 stories to their apartment. Both of the building's elevators were broken.”

Scripting Mamlūk Cities: Insider's Look. Explorations into Landscape Narratives

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
NIMROD LUZ
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Michel De Certeau ◽  
Personal Understanding ◽  
The City

AbstractIn a memorial lecture for Charles Beckingham, David Morgan1 evoked one of this prolific travel literature scholar's astute observations: “[T]he study of travel narratives, especially travel narratives about a culture quite different from the traveller's own, can be very revealing, not only about the culture he observed, but about the culture to which he belonged”.2 This insight indeed undergirds my own approach to the descriptions of cities by both insiders and outsiders. Narratives of cities, indeed of any landscape, are but interpretative and hermeneutics texts which can be surely used to narrate the very landscape, but also as texts which may be used to understand the culture and perceptions of the narrator. Over the course of this paper, I examine two accounts (texts) of residents of Mamlūk provincial cities in al-Shām. These texts will be placed under the scrutiny of the data and the existing literature of those cities. In other words, the ‘conceptualised city’ as narrated by the sources will be compared with the ‘tangible city’. The latter we may unearth from various other sources (mostly texts) as well as the city's built environment. Thus, this chapter examines the ways in which Mamlūk cities of al-Shām were scripted and narrated by two local ‘storytellers’ and ‘image-makers’ of the city.3 In this context, ‘storyteller’ is an umbrella term for those who left us with a narrated legacy of their city. I decided to call them storytellers for the purpose of accentuating their inherent subjectivity. Informed and accurate as some of these narrators may have been, all of their experiences with and accounts of the urban landscape were guided by a personal understanding and their own cultural background. Since each of these texts is about spatial practices and spatial arrangement (landscape) of the city, the argument can be made that they all fall under the heading of travel writing.4 What is more, any narrative with a spatial dimension (Michel de Certeau would argue that there is no such thing as a narrative without one) is a story that organises space. Against this backdrop, the objective of this chapter, above and beyond presenting ‘spatial stories’ of cities of Syria, is to demonstrate the complexity of the reading landscape and particularly the ways landscape descriptions need always be taken as subjective, culture-based, culturally constructed, and a constant negotiation between the traveller/story-teller/source narration, the ‘actual’ built environment and the political context.

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