СУЧАСНІ ВИКЛИКИ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The article provides insights into the modern aspects and challenges of economic globalization that triggers a fundamental change in the world economic order, as well as demonstrates the emergence of a new global economic culture, a new type of economic consciousness and a new type of international relations. In this context, exploring globalization processes and identifying their patterns seems especially relevant. The study reveals that within on-going globalization settings, the scale of international economic relations demonstrates a rapidly growing trend, the number of their immediate participants is increasing, the forms of these relationships are being updated and getting more complicated. It is observed that in the vulnerable market economic environment with intensified international competition there are more and more common issues to be addressed by joint efforts in searching for effective solutions, moreover, there are certain conflicts arising that can be resolved only at the regional and multilateral levels. A special emphasis is put on the need to integrate collective efforts of international organizations and forums through economic diplomacy which will contribute to finding the best compromise between governments to meet the interests of all or most of stakeholders in the world community, for many countries this will mean to benefit from international mechanisms and procedures, and reducing adverse effects from TNC activities to engross the advantages of globalization. The study findings have verified that from international economic relations perspectives, among fundamental reasons behind business globalization are the advances in computer and communication technology which exchanging of ideas and information between different countries, expand consumer awareness of foreign-made products. The study also demonstrates how cable systems in Europe and Asia facilitate firms in many countries to shape simultaneously both regional and sometimes global demand, and global communication networks allow them coordinating production and aligning common goals worldwide while companies located in different parts of the world produce the same end product. It is argued that reducing customs barriers to investment and trade by the vast majority of governments proves effective in launching in new markets for international export companies that offer opportunities and capacities for local producers. Apart from the above, the study has traced a trend towards unification and socialization of the global community. In particular, it is observed that continuous changes in the governance paradigm as well as in the international environment impose an integrated effect upon social, political and mental aspects of national interests. It is concluded that building a conceptual framework of national and international interests is a complex and long-term process influenced by geopolitical, economic, socio-cultural and psychological factors, being adjusted through the system of social values and reflected in research studies and manifestations of collective consciousness. From this perspective, the key aspects of national and international security have been explored.

Hubungan Tingkat Penerimaan diri dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Lupus di Yayasan Kupu Parahita Indonesia

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can become a bio-psycho-socio-economic-culture-spiritual burden for individuals because its complex treatment and management. Self-acceptance and adherence to medication are the keys in lupus management. Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-acceptance level of lupus patients and their medication adherence level. The study was designed using a correlational study with a cross sectional approach. About 92 lupus patient respondents at Kupu Parahita Indonesia Foundation who went to the Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang were selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill out a modified Acceptance of Illness questionnaire to measure patient self-acceptance level and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) to assess drug adherence level. From the 92 respondents, it was found that 37% had a high level of self-acceptance, 52.2% were moderate, and 10.8% were low. Adherence medication level in 92 respondents showed 51.1% high, 38.1% moderate, and 10.8% low. Spearman test results showed a significant relationship between self-acceptance level and medication adherence level (p=0.001, r=0.355). This value indicates the strength of the weak relationship and the direction of the positive correlation between self-acceptance and medication adherence. Conclusion, the higher of self-acceptance level of lupus patients, the higher medication adherence level.

The traditional economic culture of the Tatars in N.A. Khalikov’s works (in memory of the scholar and colleague)

The article highlights the main directions of scientific work of Nail Alfredovich Khalikov, a well-known Russian ethnographer who studied the life and traditional economy of the Tatars, the author of significant academic works on the ethnography of the people. The main research of the scientist is related to the collection and interpretation of ethnographic sources (expedition, museum, archival, visual) and preparation for publishing “Historical and Ethnographic Atlas of the Tatar People”, where he was the author and a permanent member of the editorial board. In the 1970s–2000s, rural settlements of the Volga-Ural Tatars (Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, Mari El, Kirov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Ulyanovsk, Perm, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk regions), then Astrakhan (Astrakhan, Saratov regions) and Siberian Tatars (Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk regions) were examined according to a special program developed by N.A. Khalikov. As a result of that work, a source base on traditional farming, including agriculture and folk crafts, as well as numerous monographs, publications in scientific collections, articles in the multi-volume “Tatar Encyclopedia” was created. Currently, N.A. Khalikov’s expedition materials (field diaries, photographs, sketches and drawings) have been partially digitized and are stored in the archive of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences.

Historical memory and features of economic institutions in a multilanguage environment and multicultural society

The paper aims to substantiate the role of historical memory in formation of a certain economic culture that determines the specific nature of economic institutions in a multilanguage and multicultural society. Methodological background of research is based on neoinstitutional and civilizational approaches. Because of the chosen methodology, we study the economic institutions as the structures which include norms, traditions and thinking patterns (specific to a particular culture). It is justified that cultural factors related to confessional views, ethnic customs, political and economic traditions determine development, dynamics and structure of economic institutions of Russian society. It is also found that the failures of Russian economic modernization are largely due to underestimation of its civilizational specifics, multiculturalism and economic diversity.

Work and its transformations: from statism-based work to the Gig Economy

Motivation: Work as a socio-cultural and -economic phenomenon in the process of Poland’s economic transformation within the last thirty years requires special analyses due to its central role both in individual and social terms. To a significant extent, the traditional approach is based on unhelpful separation of economic determinants from the social system as a whole, which is with detriment to the ability to investigate economic processes. Economic phenomena are not the effect of actions of unrelated individuals and their decisions based on rational calculations, but also arise out of the values rooted in their way of thinking and demonstrated through culture. Aim: This paper is aimed at describing the evolution of work in the context of the changes occurring on the labour market which result from the transformation of these institutions and of the economic culture of Poles. The aim may be achieved by assuming that the experience of the so-called ‘cultural turn’, a term which perfectly suits to describe the transformation process, requires interest to be taken also in phenomena occurring in everyday life, such as values, attitudes or cultural patterns. The transformation of work and of its meaning for development will be subject to descriptive and comparative analysis in two aspects: (1) with regard to the shift from statism-based economy to flexible forms of employment and the occurrences that accompany that shift and (2) in terms of global economic and technological changes in this regard. Results: The analyses carried out allowed to describe the changes in the Polish society observed in the area of work. The stages of the changes are identified, and new trends are specified which emerge under the impact of global development and their consequences for the economy and the society.

Classification of factors of influence on the formation of financial and economic culture of Russians

Formation of financial institutions in society, development of the financial services market and effective financial relations is impossible without formation of a developed financial and economic culture. Today, such a financial and economic system can be viable, which will take into account the social aspects of society's life, its factors and prerequisites, as well as values that really contribute to the survival, preservation and development of humanity, strengthening its unity, expanding its potential. Taking this into account, formation of a financial and economic culture based on universal principles in the context of new trends in the socio-cultural development of the country is one of the most acute modern problems. Each financial and economic system corresponds to a special basic model of financial and economic culture and values, which is manifested in national specific forms in each country. There are no «good» and « bad» cultures, but there are functional or dysfunctional cultures relative to the financial and economic system. According to the criterion of the essence, financial and economic culture is a type of social culture of society that provides for the needs of multidimensional human activity in specialized types of financial and economic activity. In modern society, there is a tendency to raising the cultural level of production. It finds expression in use of the latest technology and technological processes, advanced methods of labor organization, progressive forms of management and planning, scientific achievements. The direction of this development is determined, on the one hand, by the opportunities contained in the set of conditions that define the boundaries of economic culture, on the other hand, by the degree and ways of realizing these opportunities in the conditions of changes in the innovative economy. In view of this, analysis of patterns of financial and economic culture and creation of mechanisms for influencing them is an important managerial task, no less important than creation of an innovative economy and construction of a rule-of-law state. Based on the study of factors affecting the formation of the financial and economic culture of Russians, the authors developed classification, which includes the factors of the Russian cultural archetype; of the socio-economic context; of vertical and horizontal socialization.

"WHEN WE ARE ARMED WITH KNOWLEDGE ...": OSSETIAN EDUCATORS ON THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF ECONOMIC CULTURE (BEGINNING XX CENTURY)

Статья посвящена одному из аспектов развития горских обществ Северного Кавказа начала XX в. – роли образования в становлении новой хозяйственной культуры, адекватной экономическим вызовам современности. Изменение хозяйственной культуры населения диктовалось социально-экономической ситуацией в горских обществах, сформировавших современную систему потребностей, но столкнувшихся с трудностями их удовлетворения в рамках архаичных хозяйственных практик. Эта проблема рассматривается через призму общественной мысли – публицистического наследия осетинских просветителей Х. Уруймагова и М. Гарданова. Просветители исходили из наличного образовательного потенциала Осетии, его возможностей в воспитании хозяйственного менталитета и культуры населения, и внесении новых сельскохозяйственных технологий в горскую экономику. Х. Уруймагов писал о европейском и российском опыте привлечения начальной и средней школы для модернизации аграрной экономики и привитии консервативному крестьянскому хозяйству агротехнических новаций. Просветитель порицал церковно-приходскую школу в Осетии за «узко-клерикальный» характер и безразличие к практическим нуждам осетинской деревни. Х. Уруймагов предлагал создать при начальных школах учебные хозяйства как очаги преобразования хозяйственной культуры осетинского населения. М. Гарданов писал о ухудшающейся экономической и экологической ситуации в Осетии, нараставшей пауперизации и нищеты народных масс. Он возлагал надежды на среднюю школу как образовательную базу для развития новой экономики. Образование рассматривалось как основа модернизации, поскольку налицо была ограниченность других модернизационных ресурсов, отвечающих требованиям современности – земли и капитала. Знание и общественный институт образования выступали как ось развития модернизирующегося осетинского общества. The article is devoted to one of the aspects of the development of the mountainous societies of the North Caucasus at the beginning of the 20th century. - the role of education in the formation of a new economic culture, adequate to the economic challenges of our time. The change in the economic culture of the population was dictated by the socio-economic situation in mountainous societies that formed a modern system of needs, but faced difficulties in meeting them within the framework of archaic economic practices. This problem is viewed through the prism of social thought - the publicistic heritage of the Ossetian enlighteners Kh. Uruimagov and M. Gardanov. The enlighteners proceeded from the present educational potential of Ossetia, its capabilities in raising the economic mentality and culture of the population, and introducing new agricultural technologies into the mountain economy. Kh. Uruymagov wrote about the European and Russian experience of attracting primary and secondary schools for the modernization of the agrarian economy and instilling agrotechnical innovations in the conservative peasant economy. The enlightener criticized the parish school in Ossetia for its "narrow-clerical" character and indifference to the practical needs of the Ossetian village. Kh. Uruimagov proposed to create educational facilities at primary schools as centers of transformation of the economic culture of the Ossetian population. M. Gardanov wrote about the deteriorating economic and environmental situation in Ossetia, the growing pauperization and poverty of the masses. He pinned his hopes on high school as an educational base for the development of a new economy. Education was considered as the basis for modernization, since there was a limited number of other modernization resources that meet the requirements of modernity - land and capital. Knowledge and the public institution of education acted as the axis of development of the modernizing Ossetian society.

The problem of dialogicity in upbringing of the economic culture of young people

Research problem. The relevance of the study is due to the need to update the forms, conditions for organizing pedagogical interaction, aimed at the subjective mastery of the economic culture elements well-established in modern society by the student. The purpose of the article is to provide a theoretical and practical substantiation of the phenomenon of dialogicity in the upbringing of the youth economic culture. Research methods. The survey involved 104 students of the Rostov State University of Economics from the first to the fourth year of full-time and part-time education at the age of 17 to 33 years acting in educational program "Organization of work with youth." The survey included the questions, the purpose of which was to identify the needs of student youth in dialogue on economic topics. Research results. As a result of ensuring dialogicity in the upbringing of the economic culture of young people, an economic question that is most in demand among students emerged: "How to get a high-paying job?" After conducting dialogues of economic content, new economic issues emerged among students, directly affecting their professional activities in the field of organizing work with youth. In the process of solving the stated problem, there was a personally significant demand among students for dialogues of economic content, which manifested itself in them during the organization of various types of dialogues of economic content: career planning (30%), professional sphere (25%), personal budget planning (20%). Conclusion. As a result of the systemic organization of various types of educational dialogues (motivational, intergroup, intragroup, interpersonal, intrapersonal; dialogue with the past, present, future) in the open space "Boiling Point", in the process of studying the subject "Project Management in the field of organizing work with youth" in youth public organizations their specificity was revealed. Economic education is spontaneous in interpersonal dialogue in the student-student, student-teacher, student-parents system. The dialogue carried out in a professional environment is distinguished by its practical orientation, concreteness of content and purposefulness in terms of the economic education of students.