scholarly journals Marked differences in local bone remodelling in response to different marrow stimulation techniques in a large animal

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 546-557
Author(s):  
HM Zlotnick ◽  
◽  
RC Locke ◽  
BD Stoeckl ◽  
JM Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Marrow Stimulation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Local Bone

Marrow stimulation, including subchondral drilling and microfracture, is the most commonly performed cartilage repair strategy, whereby the subchondral bone plate is perforated to release marrow-derived cells into a cartilage defect to initiate repair. Novel scaffolds and therapeutics are being designed to enhance and extend the positive short-term outcomes of this marrow stimulation. However, the translation of these newer treatments is hindered by bony abnormalities, including bone resorption, intralesional osteophytes, and bone cysts, that can arise after marrow stimulation. In this study, three different marrow stimulation approaches – microfracture, subchondral drilling and needle-puncture – were evaluated in a translationally relevant large-animal model, the Yucatan minipig. The objective of the study was to determine which method of marrow access (malleted awl, drilled Kirschner wire or spring-loaded needle) best preserved the underlying subchondral bone. Fluorochrome labels were injected at the time of surgery and 2 weeks post-surgery to capture bone remodelling over the first 4 weeks. Comprehensive outcome measures included cartilage indentation testing, histological grading, microcomputed tomography and fluorochrome imaging. Findings indicated that needle-puncture devices best preserved the underlying subchondral bone relative to other marrow access approaches. This may relate to the degree of bony compaction occurring with marrow access, as the Kirschner wire approach, which consolidated bone the most, induced the most significant bone damage with marrow stimulation. This study provided basic scientific evidence in support of updated marrow stimulation techniques for preclinical and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Marked differences in local bone remodeling in response to different marrow stimulation techniques in a large animal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M Zlotnick ◽  
Ryan C Locke ◽  
Brendan D Stoeckl ◽  
Jay M Patel ◽  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Kirschner Wire ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Repair Strategy ◽  
Marrow Stimulation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Local Bone

Marrow stimulation, including subchondral drilling and microfracture, is the most commonly performed cartilage repair strategy, whereby the subchondral bone plate is perforated to release marrow-derived cells into a cartilage defect to initiate repair. Novel scaffolds and therapeutics are being designed to enhance and extend the positive short-term outcomes of this marrow stimulation. However, the translation of these newer treatments is hindered by bony abnormalities, including bone resorption, intralesional osteophytes, and bone cysts, that can arise after marrow stimulation. In this study, three different marrow stimulation approaches, microfracture, subchondral drilling, and needle-puncture, were evaluated in a translationally relevant large animal model, the Yucatan minipig. The objective of this study was to determine which method of marrow access (malleted awl, drilled Kirschner wire, or spring-loaded needle) best preserved the underlying subchondral bone. Fluorochrome labels were injected at the time of surgery and 2 weeks post-surgery to capture bone remodeling over the first 4 weeks. Comprehensive outcome measures included cartilage indentation testing, histological grading, microcomputed tomography, and fluorochrome imaging. Our findings indicated that needle-puncture devices best preserved the underlying subchondral bone relative to other marrow access approaches. This may relate to the degree of bony compaction occurring with marrow access, as the Kirschner wire approach, which consolidated bone most, induced the most significant bone damage with marrow stimulation. This study provides basic science evidence in support of updated marrow stimulation techniques for preclinical and clinical practice.

No effect of platelet-rich plasma as adjuvant to bone marrow stimulation for the treatment of chondral defects in a large animal model

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Lykke Olesen ◽  
Bjørn Borsøe Christensen ◽  
Casper Bindzus Foldager ◽  
Kris Chadwick Hede ◽  
Natasja Leth Bergholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Bone Marrow Stimulation ◽  
Marrow Stimulation ◽  
Chondral Defects

scholarly journals Radiologic evaluation using computed tomography for compensatory lung growth; a prospective comparison with histological data from a large animal model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Ohata ◽  
Toyofumi F. Chen-Yoshikawa ◽  
Masatsugu Hamaji ◽  
Takeshi Kubo ◽  
Tatsuo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Resection ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Tissue Volume ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract Background Non-invasive analysis using computed tomography (CT) data may be a promising candidate to evaluate neo-alveolarization in adult lungs following lung resection. This study evaluates and compares the validity of CT analysis with histologic morphometry for compensatory lung growth in a large animal model.Methods We calculated the radiologic tissue volume and the radiologic lung weight from CT data taken at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery on 15 male beagle dogs that had a right thoractotomy, bilobectomy, or pneumonectomy (n = 5 in each group). Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and were subsequently compared to histologic findings of tissue samples at 6 months post-surgery using Pearson’s correlation.Results An increase in radiologic tissue volume and radiologic lung weight was identified, which was positively correlated with histologic lung parenchymal amounts (correlation coefficient = 0.955 and 0.934, respectively, p < 0.001). Histology of lung specimens at six months post-surgery revealed an increase in the tissue amount in both Bilobectomy and Peumonectomy groups, which was consistent with compensatory lung growth.Conclusion Radiologic tissue volume and radiologic lung weight reflected compensatory lung growth following lung resection. Radiologic assessment using CT data can be a promising clinical modality to evaluate postoperative lung growth.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE ANIMAL MODEL OF OPIATE ADDICTION TO EVALUATE CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION.

Analgesia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.D. Napier ◽  
Z. Mateo ◽  
D.A. Yoshishige ◽  
B.A. Barron ◽  
J.L. Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Large Animal

scholarly journals A novel large animal model of smoke inhalation-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Premila D. Leiphrakpam ◽  
Hannah R. Weber ◽  
Andrea McCain ◽  
Roser Romaguera Matas ◽  
Ernesto Martinez Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is multifactorial and can result from sepsis, trauma, or pneumonia, amongst other primary pathologies. It is one of the major causes of death in critically ill patients with a reported mortality rate up to 45%. The present study focuses on the development of a large animal model of smoke inhalation-induced ARDS in an effort to provide the scientific community with a reliable, reproducible large animal model of isolated toxic inhalation injury-induced ARDS. Methods Animals (n = 21) were exposed to smoke under general anesthesia for 1 to 2 h (median smoke exposure = 0.5 to 1 L of oak wood smoke) after the ultrasound-guided placement of carotid, pulmonary, and femoral artery catheters. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), vital signs, and ventilator parameters were monitored throughout the procedure. Chest x-ray, carotid, femoral and pulmonary artery blood samples were collected before, during, and after smoke exposure. Animals were euthanized and lung tissue collected for analysis 48 h after smoke inhalation. Results Animals developed ARDS 48 h after smoke inhalation as reflected by a decrease in SpO2 by approximately 31%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio by approximately 208 (50%), and development of bilateral, diffuse infiltrates on chest x-ray. Study animals also demonstrated a significant increase in IL-6 level, lung tissue injury score and wet/dry ratio, as well as changes in other arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters. Conclusions This study reports, for the first time, a novel large animal model of isolated smoke inhalation-induced ARDS without confounding variables such as cutaneous burn injury. Use of this unique model may be of benefit in studying the pathophysiology of inhalation injury or for development of novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Development of a porcine model of emergency resternotomy at a low-volume cardiac surgery centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-805
Author(s):  
Timothy M Guenther ◽  
Sarah A Chen ◽  
Joshua D Gustafson ◽  
Curtis J Wozniak ◽  
Bob Kiaii
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Low Volume

Abstract Emergency resternotomy in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a rarely performed, yet potentially life-saving intervention. Success relies on recognition of a deteriorating clinical condition, timely deployment of equipment/personnel and rapid execution. Given how infrequently it is performed, we sought to develop a large animal model of resternotomy to prepare ICU nurses and technicians at our low-volume cardiac surgery military centre. A porcine model of resternotomy was developed at the end of an already-scheduled trauma lab. Participants worked their way through a pre-planned simulation scenario, culminating in the need for resternotomy. Pre-simulation surveys assessing knowledge and comfort level with aspects of resternotomy were compared to post-simulation surveys. Participants improved their knowledge of resternotomy by 20.4% (P &lt; 0.0001; 14.7% for nurses and 26.9% for technicians). Improvements were seen in all aspects assessed relating to subjective comfort/preparedness of resternotomy. The model was an effective and realistic method to augment training of ICU staff about resternotomy. Costs associated with this model can be reduced when used in conjunction with large animal labs. This model should be used together with mannequin-based methods of resternotomy training to provide a realistic training environment and assessment of skills at capable institutions.

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