scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIDYSLIPIDEMIC PROPERTIES OF GOA-111, A MIXTURE OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRAE, OCIMUM SANCTUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACT IN THE RATIO OF 1:1:1 STUDIED IN HIGH FAT DIET FED- LOW DOSE STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL TYPE 2 DIABETES IN RAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Sathyanarayan ◽  
K. Sadasivan Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Experimental Type

Diabetes mellitus emerges from multiple biochemical and cellular impairments, including decreased insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells and impaired insulin action in peripheral tissues. The present study was systematically carried out to evaluate antidiabetic and  antidyslipidemic properties of GOA-111,a herbal extract containing a mixture of Gymnema sylvestrae, Ocimum sanctum leaves and seed kernel of Azadirachta indica  in the ratio of 1:1:1 in ameliorating both the primary and secondary complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in high fat diet fed low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced with a low dose streptozotocin in rats  fed on a high fat diet. Diabetic rats were treated with three different doses GOA 111  (150,300 and 450 mg/Kg b.wt/rat/day)   for 30 days. The toxicological parameters such as AST, ALT and ALP were assayed. Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance and lipid profile were measured. Oral treatment with GOA 111 significantly decreased the elevated levels of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, AST, ALT and ALP. The insulin level was improved in insulin resistant diabetic rats.  GOA 111 also normalized the lipid profile. Though the  results showed a dose dependent impact on the parameters, a dose of  300mg/Kg B/W/rat/day GOA 111 exerts maximum potential anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Key words: GOA 111; High fat diet; Streptozotocin; antidiabetic; antidyslipidemic

scholarly journals Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, and Biochemical Evaluation of Antidiabetic Properties of a New Zinc-Diosmin Complex Studied in High Fat Diet Fed-Low Dose Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Subramanian Iyyam Pillai ◽  
Sorimuthu Pillai Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Experimental Type

In view of the established antidiabetic properties of zinc, the present study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic properties of a new zinc-diosmin complex in high fat diet fed-low dose streptozotocin induced experimental type 2 diabetes in rats. Zinc-diosmin complex was synthesized and characterized by various spectral studies. The complexation between zinc ions and diosmin was further evidenced by pH-potentiometric titrations and Job’s plot. Diabetic rats were orally treated with zinc-diosmin complex at a concentration of 20 mg/kg b.w./rat/day for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, HOMA-IR and various biochemical parameters related to glucose homeostasis were analyzed. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved the glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats. Treatment with zinc-diosmin complex significantly improved insulin sensitivity, at least in part, through enhancing protein metabolism and alteration in the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. The assay of clinical marker enzymes revealed the nontoxic nature of the complex. Determination of renal tissue markers such as blood urea and serum creatinine indicates the renoprotective nature of the complex. These findings suggest that zinc-diosmin complex is nontoxic and has complimentary potential to develop as an antihyperglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Intranasal Serotonin Treatment on Metabolic Parameters and Hormonal Signaling in Rats with High-Fat Diet/Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira V. Derkach ◽  
Vera M. Bondareva ◽  
Oxana V. Chistyakova ◽  
Lev M. Berstein ◽  
Alexander O. Shpakov
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Serotonin Level ◽  
The Brain

In the last years the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was carried out using regulators of the brain signaling systems. In DM2 the level of the brain serotonin is reduced. So far, the effect of the increase of the brain serotonin level on DM2-induced metabolic and hormonal abnormalities has been studied scarcely. The present work was undertaken with the aim of filling this gap. DM2 was induced in male rats by 150-day high-fat diet and the treatment with low dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) on the 70th day of experiment. From the 90th day, diabetic rats received for two months intranasal serotonin (IS) at a daily dose of 20 μg/rat. The IS treatment of diabetic rats decreased the body weight, and improved glucose tolerance, insulin-induced glucose utilization, and lipid metabolism. Besides, it restored hormonal regulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in the hypothalamus and normalized AC stimulation byβ-adrenergic agonists in the myocardium. In nondiabetic rats the same treatment induced metabolic and hormonal alterations, some of which were similar to those in DM2 but expressed to a lesser extent. In conclusion, the elevation of the brain serotonin level may be regarded as an effective approach to treat DM2 and its complications.

scholarly journals Establishment of long-term high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental type-2 diabetes mellitus model of insulin resistance and evaluation of seed extracts of Syzygium cumini

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Pratibha Nadig ◽  
Meharban Asanaliyar ◽  
Kevin Manohar Salis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Seed Extracts

Introduction: The principal mechanism responsible for reducing blood glucose is through insulin-stimulated glucose transport into skeletal muscle. The transporter protein that mediates this uptake is GLUT-4. A defect in this step is associated with reduced glucose utilization in muscle and adipose tissue, as observed in insulin-resistant type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to develop an experimental T2DM model and evaluate altered glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) levels as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activities of Syzygium cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extracts (SCE) were also evaluated. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and dosed intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). After treatment for 21 days, all investigations were done. The homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) was used for the calculation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) index. Diaphragm muscle and retroperitoneal fat were collected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies. Results: A significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and serum lipids, and a decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-B were observed in the diabetic group, effects that reversed following pioglitazone and SCE treatment. The diabetic group showed a downregulation of GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle while an increase was observed in adipose tissue. Conclusion: A high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced experimental T2DM model of insulin resistance was developed to screen novel insulin sensitizers. Data generated demonstrated that altered GLUT-4 levels could be used as a biomarker of insulin resistance. Antidiabetic activity of S. cumini hydro-ethanolic seed extract was also confirmed in this study.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SILYMARIN ON INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVEL IN A RAT MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: STREPTOZOTOCIN AND HIGH-FAT DIET TREATED WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Lalitha V ◽  
Sivakumar T
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase

Objective: This research elucidated the role of silymarin on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) level in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods: The type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD - 58% calories fat) for 2 weeks, and rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg/kg. Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as a non-diabetic (normal), Group II served as diabetic, Group III diabetic animals treated glibenclamide 600 μg/kg for 14 days, and Group IV diabetic animal treated with glibenclamide and silymarin 50 mg/kg/twice/d for 14 days. At the end of the study, blood glucose, lipid profile, and IAP level were measured.Results: A significant decrease in IAP, elevated levels of blood glucose, and lipid profile was seen in diabetic rats when compared with normal. The silymarin treatment showed a significant increase in IAP level, a significant reduction in glucose and lipid profile than diabetic rats.Conclusion: The present study concludes that silymarin treatment enhances the IAP levels which protect against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and vascular complications in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals ALOE-EMODIN GLYCOSIDES AMELIORATE GLUCOSE UTILIZATION VIA INSULIN DOWNSTREAM REGULATORS: AN IN VIVO INVESTIGATION

2016 ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Singaravelu Anand ◽  
Saravanababu C ◽  
Lakshmi Bs ◽  
Muthusamy Vs
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aloe Emodin

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: Aloe-emodin glycosides (AEG) isolated from Cassia fistula stimulates glucose transport and glycogen storage through a phosphatidylinositol<br />3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism in L6 myotubes and inhibits adipocytes differentiation in 3T3L1 adipocytes was previously reported. This<br />study intended to investigate the insulin mimetic effect of AEG by in vivo method.<br />Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups and fed for a period of 3-week. The high-fat diet group animals were<br />injected with a low dose (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin to induce Type-2 diabetes. The diabetic rats were then treated with low dose: 10 mg/kg and<br />high dose: 30 mg/kg for a period of 21-day. A dose-dependent decrease in fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels on treatment<br />with AEG. The carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats appeared to improve due to regulation in hepatic enzymes such as hexokinase, glucose-6phosphatase,<br />and fructose<br />1,6-bisphosphatase with a concomitant increase<br />in glycogen<br />content.<br />Results: AEG decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidant (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) levels in the liver of diabetic rats. Treatment<br />with AEG (30 mg/kg) augmented the phosphorylation of insulin downstream regulators such as insulin receptor beta, insulin receptor substrate 1,<br />PI3K, glucose transporter 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma in the skeletal muscle tissue of<br />the Type-2 diabetic rats compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats.<br />Conclusion: The present results suggested that AEG could serve as an interesting candidate in the drug development for the management of diabetes.<br />Keywords: Aloe-emodin glycoside, Type-2 diabetes, High-fat diet/streptozotocin, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycogen, Antioxidant enzyme.</p>

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