Parents of newborns, particularly first-time parents, are often concerned that their infant has a physical examination finding or behavior that is out of range of normal. Neonates have a variety of common findings and diagnoses specific to this age group. However, their range of behaviors is limited, and they are unable to communicate, complicating evaluation. Caring for neonates in the emergency department requires knowledge of newborn-specific conditions as well as the range of normal behaviors. Common chief complaints include jaundice, feeding difficulties, vomiting, irritability and crying, breathing difficulty, and rash. Emergency department providers must be familiar with the range of normal behaviors and common diagnoses seen in neonates. This chapter presents an overview of common concerns parents have about their neonates.