A comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal influenza surveillance in five European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom

Background: In response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that unfolded across Europe in 2020, the World Health Organisation called for repurposing existing influenza surveillance systems to monitor COVID-19. This analysis aimed to compare descriptively the extent to which influenza surveillance systems were adapted and enhanced, and how COVID-19 surveillance could ultimately benefit or disrupt routine influenza surveillance. Methods: We used a previously developed framework in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom to describe COVID-19 surveillance and its impact on influenza surveillance. The framework divides surveillance systems into 7 sub-systems and 20 comparable outcomes of interest, and uses 5 evaluation criteria based on WHO guidance. Information on influenza and COVID-19 surveillance systems were collected from publicly available resources shared by European and national public health agencies. Results: Overall, non-medically attended, virological, primary care and mortality surveillance were adapted in most countries to monitor COVID-19, whilst community, outbreak, and hospital surveillance were reinforced in all countries. Data granularity improved, with more detailed demographic and medical information recorded. A shift to systematic notification for cases and deaths enhanced both geographic and population representativeness whilst the sampling strategy benefited from the roll out of widespread molecular testing. Data communication was greatly enhanced, contributing to improved public awareness. Conclusions: Well-established influenza surveillance systems are a key component of pandemic preparedness and their upgrade allowed European countries to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, uncertainties remain on how both influenza and COVID-19 surveillance can be jointly and durably implemented.

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A comparison of coronavirus disease 2019 and seasonal influenza surveillance in five European countries: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses ◽

10.1111/irv.12941 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thierry Rigoine de Fougerolles ◽

Joan Puig‐Barbera ◽

George Kassianos ◽

Philippe Vanhems ◽

Jorg Schelling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

European Countries ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

The United Kingdom

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Changes in the Framing of Antimicrobial Resistance in Print Media in Australia and the United Kingdom (2011–2020): A Comparative Qualitative Content and Trends Analysis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10121432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1432

Author(s):

Chris Degeling ◽

Victoria Brookes ◽

Tarant Hill ◽

Julie Hall ◽

Anastacia Rowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Scientific Discovery ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Media Framing ◽

Public Health Response ◽

Large Hospital ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Health Response ◽

Community Outbreaks

Educating the public about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a key part of an optimal public health response. In both media depictions and policy discourses around health risks, how a problem is framed underpins public awareness and understanding, while also guiding opinions on what actions can and should be taken. Using a mixed methods approach we analyse newspaper content in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) from 2011 to 2020 to track how causes, consequences and solutions to AMR are represented in countries with different policy approaches. Analyses demonstrate greater variability in the frames used in UK newspapers reflecting large hospital and community outbreaks and a sustained period of policy reform mid-decade. Newspapers in Australia focus more on AMR causes and consequences, highlighting the importance of scientific discovery, whereas UK coverage has greater discussion of the social and economic drivers of AMR and their associated solutions. Variations in the trends of different frames around AMR in UK newspapers indicate greater levels of public deliberation and debate around immediate and actionable solutions; whereas AMR has not had the same health and political impacts in Australia resulting in a media framing that potentially encourages greater public complacency about the issue.

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Analysis on the participation of the main sovereign wealth funds in European listed companies

Finance, Markets and Valuation ◽

10.46503/jgvq7340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

L. Gómez-Pavón Durán

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Home Country ◽

European Countries ◽

Company Size ◽

Economic Sector ◽

Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Determining Factors ◽

The One

The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of the investment made by the fifteen largest sovereign wealth funds on listed European companies. The analysis is divided into two sections: a descriptive one and a statistical one. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of mining data from Orbis database and running a binomial logistic regression. The main results show that, in the first place, the Norwegian fund is the one that invests in a larger amount of companies and European countries. Another significant result indicates that the United Kingdom is the country that receives the most investment. Finally, the results lead also to the conclusion that, concerning investing, sovereign wealth funds are influenced by a set of factors such as company size, profitability, and leverage, whereas the company’s home country and the economic sector it belongs are not determining factors.

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The Demography of CAPD in Europe

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686088400402s01 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 80-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AJ Wing ◽

R Moore ◽

FP Brunner ◽

C Jacobs ◽

P Kramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

United Kingdom ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

End Stage Renal Failure ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

National Programmes ◽

Different Populations ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

End Stage

Five per cent of European patients on therapy for end stage renal failure and reported to the EDTA Registry were treated by CAPD on 31st December, 1982. The percentage varied between 12.7% in the United Kingdom to less than 1% in Eastern European countries. In the total area covered by the Registry (population 574 millions) 5.6 patients pmp commenced CAPD during 1982. Commencements reached 18.9 pmp in Switzerland, 17.4 pmp in the United Kingdom and 9.8 pmp in Italy. National programmes of CAPD fulfil different roles in the pattern of RRT and select different populations of patients. Therefore comparisons of the results achieved have not been made.

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Metaphors of corruption in the news media coverage of seven European countries

European Journal of Communication ◽

10.1177/0267323117750695 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 57-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roxana Bratu ◽

Iveta Kažoka

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

News Media ◽

Media Coverage ◽

European Countries ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Media ◽

Media Practices

This article explores the symbolic dimension of corruption by looking at the metaphors employed to represent this phenomenon in the media across seven different European countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and the United Kingdom) over 10 years (2004–2014). It focuses on the media practices in evoking corruption-related metaphors and shows that corruption is a complex phenomenon with unclear boundaries, represented with the use of metaphorical devices that not only illuminate but also hide some of its attributes. The article identifies and analyses the metaphors of corruption by looking at their sources and target domains, as well as unpacking the contexts in which media evoke corruption-related metaphors.

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Where Does Multinational Investment Go with Territorial Taxation? Evidence from the United Kingdom

American Economic Journal Economic Policy ◽

10.1257/pol.20180592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 325-358

Author(s):

Li Liu

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Causal Effect ◽

European Countries ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Tax System ◽

Investment Rate ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Percentage Points ◽

The Difference ◽

Unique Dataset

In 2009, the United Kingdom changed from a worldwide to a territorial tax system, abolishing dividend taxes on foreign repatriation from many low-tax countries. This paper assesses the causal effect of territorial taxation on real investments, using a unique dataset for multinational affiliates in 27 European countries and employing the difference-in-differences approach. It finds that the territorial reform has increased the investment rate of UK multinationals by 16.7 percentage points in low-tax countries. In the absence of any significant investment reduction elsewhere, the findings represent a likely increase in total outbound investment by UK multinationals. (JEL F23, G31, H25, H32, H87)

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Article 198 TFEU

The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.319 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dimitry Kochenov

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

The Netherlands ◽

European Countries ◽

Member States ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Special Relations

Article 182 EC The Member States agree to associate with the Union the non-European countries and territories which have special relations with Denmark, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. These countries and territories (hereinafter called the ‘countries and territories’) are listed in Annex II.

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A Matter of Supply and Demand: The Electoral Performance of Populist Parties in Three European Countries

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1017/gov.2012.14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 175-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Stijn van Kessel

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Political Parties ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

European Countries ◽

Electoral Success ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Electoral Performance

This article assesses the electoral performance of populist parties in three European countries: the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom. In explaining the electoral performance of the populist parties in the three countries, the article considers the agency of political parties in particular. More specifically, it examines the responsiveness of established parties and the credibility of the populist parties. Whereas the agency of populist parties, or other radical outsiders, has often been overlooked in previous comparative studies, this article argues that the credibility of the populist parties themselves plays a crucial role in understanding their electoral success and failure.

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Past it? HIV and older people in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804002961 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 132 (6) ◽

pp. 1151-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

SARAH DOUGAN ◽

LARA J. C. PAYNE ◽

ALISON E. BROWN ◽

BARRY G. EVANS ◽

O. NOEL GILL

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Related Services ◽

Infected Female ◽

The United Kingdom

The majority of those infected and affected by HIV are younger adults. The ability of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) to extend survival means that those infected when younger may reach older age, and future increases in numbers of older individuals living with HIV in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (E,W&NI) are expected. Evidence that older individuals engage in risky sexual behaviours suggests potential for HIV transmission. Data from national HIV/AIDS surveillance systems were reviewed (1997–2001). An older individual is defined as aged 45 years or over. Between 1997 and 2001, 2290 older individuals were diagnosed with HIV; 361 in 1997, rising to 648 in 2001. Heterosexual acquisition accounted for 1073 (47%) infections; 662 were male. Where reported, 666 (65%) older heterosexuals were probably infected in Africa, 144 (14%) in the United Kingdom and 113 (11%) in Asia. There were 1020 (45%) new diagnoses acquired homosexually; white (92%), infected in the United Kingdom (78%). Numbers of older individuals accessing HIV-related services more than doubled between 1997 (2488) and 2001 (5175). In 2001, 2270 (53%) were London residents. Between 1997 and 2001, among HIV-infected older individuals attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, the proportions previously undiagnosed were 60% and 82% in heterosexual males and females respectively, and for men who have sex with men (MSM), 42%. Numbers of older individuals newly diagnosed with HIV have increased in recent years. The increase in numbers of older individuals accessing HIV-related services were in excess of younger adults. A significant proportion of older HIV-infected female heterosexuals and MSM were undiagnosed. Awareness must be raised among clinicians, and an ‘aged response’ to HIV is required.

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