scholarly journals Life-history variation of drosophila subobscura under lead pollution depends on population history

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Kenig ◽  
Aleksandra Patenkovic ◽  
Marko Andjelkovic ◽  
Marina Stamenkovic-Rada
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Life History ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Contamination represents environmental stress that can affect genetic variability of populations, thus influencing the evolutionary processes. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between heavy metal contamination (Pb) and phenotypic variation, assessed by coefficients of variation (CV) of life-history traits. To investigate the consequences of population origin on variation of life history traits in Drosophila subobscura in response to different laboratory conditions we compared populations from relatively polluted and unpolluted environments. Prior to experiment, flies from natural populations were reared for two generations in standard Drosophila laboratory conditions. Afterwards, all flies were cultured on three different media: one medium without lead as the control, and the other two with different concentrations of lead. Coefficients of variation (CV) of life- history traits (fecundity, egg-to-adult viability and developmental time) were analyzed on flies sampled in generations F2, F5 and F8 from these three groups. In later generations samples from both polluted and unpolluted environments showed the increased fecundity variation on media with lead. This increase is expressed more in population from unpolluted environment. On contrary, population from unpolluted environment had increased variation of developmental time in earlier, F2 generation, compared to the population from polluted environment. Our results showed that the response to heavy metal contamination depends on the evolutionary history of the populations regarding habitat pollution.

scholarly journals Life History Traits in Two Drosophila Species Differently Affected by Microbiota Diversity under Lead Exposure

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mirjana Beribaka ◽  
Mihailo Jelić ◽  
Marija Tanasković ◽  
Cvijeta Lazić ◽  
Marina Stamenković-Radak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Exposure ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Life history traits determine the persistence and reproduction of each species. Factors that can affect life history traits are numerous and can be of different origin. We investigated the influence of population origin and heavy metal exposure on microbiota diversity and two life history traits, egg-to-adult viability and developmental time, in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila subobscura, grown in the laboratory on a lead (II) acetate-saturated substrate. We used 24 samples, 8 larval and 16 adult samples (two species × two substrates × two populations × two sexes). The composition of microbiota was determined by sequencing (NGS) of the V3–V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The population origin showed a significant influence on life history traits, though each trait in the two species was affected differentially. Reduced viability in D. melanogaster could be a cost of fast development, decrease in Lactobacillus abundance and the presence of Wolbachia. The heavy metal exposure in D. subobscura caused shifts in developmental time but maintained the egg-to-adult viability at a similar level. Microbiota diversity indicated that the Komagataeibacter could be a valuable member of D. subobscura microbiota in overcoming the environmental stress. Research on the impact of microbiota on the adaptive response to heavy metals and consequently the potential tradeoffs among different life history traits is of great importance in evolutionary research.

scholarly journals Environmental Toxicology of Perna Canaliculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Adele Lorene Hineao Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

<p>New Zealand does not have a major problem with marine pollution but there is still a need to develop methods to monitor the environment and protect ecosystems. Although some previous studies in New Zealand have measured the concentrations of chemicals in tissues from marine organisms, few to date have developed biomarkers of contaminant exposure. In the current study attempts were made to develop biomarkers for heavy metal contamination in the endemic New Zealand greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus. Metallothionein (MT) gene nucleotide sequences were isolated from P. canaliculus by cloning PCR products from genomic DNA. Nine MT exon 2 amino acid sequences were deduced, some of which were characterised by unusual features, including the presence of atypical tyrosine and histidine residues and lower than usual numbers of metal binding cysteine residues. MT sequences isolated in the current study were compared with those from other mollusc species worldwide. A 2-D gel DIGE proteomic approach was used to detect proteins involved in response to low salinity or heavy metal contamination. In the salinity study, control mussels were killed at the start of the experiment and others were exposed to ambient (32 ppt) and reduced (14 ppt) salinity for 3 days. Approximately 115 proteins showed significant (t-test p < 0.01) differences in abundance between the three experimental groups. Two isoforms of tropomyosin and one isoform of actin were identified and these proteins have been implicated in previous studies in response to reduced salinity. The low number of proteins identified in this study and the heavy metal experiment highlights the difficulty in working with invertebrate species that are presently underrepresented in the DNA and protein sequence databases. In the heavy metal experiment P. canaliculus were exposed to either 34.3 micrograms 1^1 Hg or 0.486 mg 1^1 Cd in the laboratory for 3 days. Control mussels were held in identical conditions without added metal. Over 100 proteins were detected which showed significant (p < 0.01) differences in abundance between control and metal treated groups but these proteins could not be identified using MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting or tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue and time specific differences in metal uptake were observed. Proteins which responded to heavy metals under laboratory conditions were compared to field samples from the Bay of Islands. Approximately 30 proteins were detected which appeared to be associated with the presence of heavy metals under both field and laboratory conditions. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop biomarkers for heavy metal contamination in P. canaliculus. Based on the average concentrations of metals detected in the Bay of Islands, the amount of metal consumed through a typical diet containing shellfish would be below the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). However, because Maori, Pacific Islanders and Asians consume a greater quantity of seafood than the general New Zealand public a risk assessment for these groups was calculated. A survey of the frequency, amount and species consumed by these groups is suggested to enable an adequate risk assessment to be made.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental Toxicology of Perna Canaliculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Adele Lorene Hineao Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

<p>New Zealand does not have a major problem with marine pollution but there is still a need to develop methods to monitor the environment and protect ecosystems. Although some previous studies in New Zealand have measured the concentrations of chemicals in tissues from marine organisms, few to date have developed biomarkers of contaminant exposure. In the current study attempts were made to develop biomarkers for heavy metal contamination in the endemic New Zealand greenshell mussel Perna canaliculus. Metallothionein (MT) gene nucleotide sequences were isolated from P. canaliculus by cloning PCR products from genomic DNA. Nine MT exon 2 amino acid sequences were deduced, some of which were characterised by unusual features, including the presence of atypical tyrosine and histidine residues and lower than usual numbers of metal binding cysteine residues. MT sequences isolated in the current study were compared with those from other mollusc species worldwide. A 2-D gel DIGE proteomic approach was used to detect proteins involved in response to low salinity or heavy metal contamination. In the salinity study, control mussels were killed at the start of the experiment and others were exposed to ambient (32 ppt) and reduced (14 ppt) salinity for 3 days. Approximately 115 proteins showed significant (t-test p < 0.01) differences in abundance between the three experimental groups. Two isoforms of tropomyosin and one isoform of actin were identified and these proteins have been implicated in previous studies in response to reduced salinity. The low number of proteins identified in this study and the heavy metal experiment highlights the difficulty in working with invertebrate species that are presently underrepresented in the DNA and protein sequence databases. In the heavy metal experiment P. canaliculus were exposed to either 34.3 micrograms 1^1 Hg or 0.486 mg 1^1 Cd in the laboratory for 3 days. Control mussels were held in identical conditions without added metal. Over 100 proteins were detected which showed significant (p < 0.01) differences in abundance between control and metal treated groups but these proteins could not be identified using MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting or tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue and time specific differences in metal uptake were observed. Proteins which responded to heavy metals under laboratory conditions were compared to field samples from the Bay of Islands. Approximately 30 proteins were detected which appeared to be associated with the presence of heavy metals under both field and laboratory conditions. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop biomarkers for heavy metal contamination in P. canaliculus. Based on the average concentrations of metals detected in the Bay of Islands, the amount of metal consumed through a typical diet containing shellfish would be below the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). However, because Maori, Pacific Islanders and Asians consume a greater quantity of seafood than the general New Zealand public a risk assessment for these groups was calculated. A survey of the frequency, amount and species consumed by these groups is suggested to enable an adequate risk assessment to be made.</p>

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION AND IMPACT ON SURFACE WATERS IN IASI CITY, ROMANIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1541-1551
Author(s):  
Corneliu Horaicu ◽  
Florea Cornel Gabrian ◽  
Irina Grozavu ◽  
Catalin Constantin Calu ◽  
Monica Horaicu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination

Esr Indication of Heavy Metal Contamination of Urban Atmosphere

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Iosefzon-Kuyavskaya ◽  
N. Myrlyan ◽  
A. Shames
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Line Characteristic

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) was used for the examination oi dust samples collected from snow in an urban area. On the main doublet ESR line attributed to the signal of paramagnetic metals, a singlet line characteristic for stable free radical centers (FRC) was observed. A negative correlation of significant level between FRC signal intensity and heavy metal (HM) content was established. It was shown that FRC line intensity of dust may be used as a surrogate parameter for the estimation of air pollution by HM.

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