scholarly journals The effect of the concentration of the reacting ion on the control of the electrodeposition process

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Zivkovic ◽  
Nebojsa Nikolic ◽  
Milica Gvozdenovic ◽  
Konstantin Popov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Polarization Curve ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Polarization Measurements ◽  
Curve Equation ◽  
Limiting Diffusion Current

The effect of the concentration of the reacting ion on the nature of the control of the electrodeposition process was investigated by digital simulation of the polarization curve using the Newman form of the polarization curve equation and the Levich dependence of the limiting diffusion current density under natural convection conditions. A simple method for the determination of the exchange current density from polarization measurements is also proposed. The agreement with experiments was correct.

scholarly journals The validity of the general polarization curve equation approximation for the process of metal deposition

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Zivkovic ◽  
Branimir Grgur ◽  
Konstantin Popov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Polarization Curve ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes ◽  
Curve Equation

Digital simulation was employed for the solution of the general polarization curve equation of metal deposition processes. By approximating the dependence of the exchange current density on concentration with a linear function for one- and two-electron transfer processes, an error lower than 20% was obtained.

scholarly journals The shape of the polarization curve and diagnostic criteria for control of the metal electrodeposition process

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Popov ◽  
Predrag Zivkovic ◽  
Bojan Jokic ◽  
Nebojsa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Electrodeposition Process ◽  
Metal Electrodeposition ◽  
Pure Diffusion ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Limiting Diffusion Current

The simulated shapes of the polarization curves were correlated with the type of metal electrodeposition process control in a function of the exchange current density to the limiting diffusion current density (j0/jL) ratios. Diagnostic criteria based on the j0/jL ratios were established. For j0/jL> 100, the system is under the ohmic control. In the range 1 < j0/jL ? 100 there is the mixed ohmic-diffusion control. The pure diffusion control appears in the range 0.1 < j0/jL ? 1. For j0/jL ? 0.1, the system is activation controlled at the low overpotentials. The proposed diagnostic criteria were verified by comparison of the simulated curves with experimentally recorded ones and by morphological analysis of deposits obtained in the different types of metal electrodeposition process control.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the electrodeposition of disperse copper deposits

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nikolic ◽  
Ljubica Pavlovic ◽  
Miomir Pavlovic ◽  
Konstantin Popov
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Current ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Copper Deposits ◽  
Disperse Copper ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Limiting Diffusion Current

The effect of temperature on the electrodeposition of copper at overpotentials belonging to the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density and higher was examined by the determination of the average current efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of the morphology of the formed copper deposits. Increasing the temperature of the solution led to a shift of both the beginning and the end of the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density towards lower electrodeposition overpotentials. Also, higher temperatures led to the formation of morphological forms of copper deposits characteristic for electrodeposition of copper at some higher overpotentials. The unexpected trend in the development of copper structures electrodeposited at an overpotential of 800 mV is discussed in terms of the effect of temperature on the viscosity and surface tension of the electroplating solution.

Development of a simple method for the determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zhu ◽  
Zhuoqi Liu ◽  
Daya Luo ◽  
Xinyao Wu ◽  
Fusheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Single Nucleotide

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

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