scholarly journals Spontaneous pneumothorax induced by high altitude: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 261-264
Author(s):  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Ivana Blazic ◽  
Mirjana Zlatkovic-Svenda ◽  
Vesna Djuric ◽  
Rade Milic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Professional Athlete ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Chest X Ray

Introduction. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is an infrequent condition which requires emergency medical treatment. Nowadays, due to hiking and tourism, many people reach high altitudes in a hypobaric hypoxia environment. These hypoxic conditions can be tolerated if one is exposed to low oxygen pressure, leading to a sequence of physiological responses. Occasionally, hypoxia causes maladaptive responses which leads to different forms of high altitude diseases. Case Report. We report a case of a 49-year-old man, a former professional athlete, passionate about hiking and still physically active. He was admitted to our Emergency Department with short breath and a chest X-ray revealed a large right sided pneumothorax which was successfully treated with tube drainage. Conclusion. Although primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare condition, it should be suspected during physical examination. Therefore, physicians should be prepared to recognize it, especially paying attention to all hikers and high-altitude travelers in order to avoid possible risks for high-altitude sickness.

scholarly journals High-altitude Pulmonary Hypertension: an Update on Disease Pathogenesis and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aibek E. Mirrakhimov ◽  
Kingman P. Strohl
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) affects individuals residing at altitudes of 2,500 meters and higher. Numerous pathogenic variables play a role in disease inception and progression and include low oxygen concentration in inspired air, vasculopathy, and metabolic abnormalities. Since HAPH affects only some people living at high altitude genetic factors play a significant role in its pathogenesis. The clinical presentation of HAPH is nonspecific and includes fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive deficits, cough, and in advanced cases hepatosplenomegaly and overt right-sided heart failure. A thorough history is important and should include a search for additional risk factors for lung disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH) such as smoking, indoor air pollution, left-sided cardiac disease and sleep disordered breathing. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiography can be used as screening tools. A definitive diagnosis should be made with right-sided heart catheterization using a modified mean pulmonary artery pressure of at least 30 mm Hg, differing from the 25 mm Hg used for other types of PH. Treatment of HAPH includes descent to a lower altitude whenever possible, oxygen therapy and the use of medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 blockers, fasudil and acetazolamide. Some recent evidence suggests that iron supplementation may also be beneficial. However, it is important to note that the scientific literature lacks long-term randomized controlled data on the pharmacologic treatment of HAPH. Thus, an individualized approach to treatment and informing the patients regarding the benefits and risks of the selected treatment regimen are essential.

scholarly journals Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in pregnancy-a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3449
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Shafique ◽  
Fatima Rauf ◽  
Hamza W. Bhatti ◽  
Noman A. Chaudhary ◽  
Muhammad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Tube Thoracostomy ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Pleuritic Chest Pain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
In Pregnancy

Spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy is a rare but a serious condition. The typical symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax include pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis is usually made on chest X-ray with abdominal shielding. Management differs according to severity and no specific guidelines are described for management of spontaneous pneumothorax in pregnancy. We report a case of a 27-year-old multigravida, with insignificant past medical history for any respiratory illness, presenting with recurrent, left sided spontaneous pneumothorax during a single pregnancy. It was managed by chest tube thoracostomy each time and patient was discharged with tube till the delivery of the fetus.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Bilateral Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jakrin Kewcharoen ◽  
Paul Morris ◽  
Chanavuth Kanitsoraphan ◽  
Hanh La ◽  
Narin Sriratanaviriyakul
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Parietal Pleura ◽  
Chest Tubes ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background. Simultaneous bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax (SBPSP) is an extremely rare and potentially fatal condition. Patients usually have no relevant medical conditions. Some cases, however, may have certain risk factors such as smoking, being young, and male gender. We reported a case of a healthy young male who presented with BPSP. Case Presentation. A 21-year-old man with a past medical history of well-controlled intermittent asthma presented with acute worsening shortness of breath overnight. Chest X-ray performed showed bilateral large pneumothorax with significantly compressed mediastinum. Chest tubes were placed bilaterally with immediate clinical improvement. However, the chest tubes continued to have an air leak without full lungs expansion. Computed tomography scan without contrast of the chest revealed subpleural blebs in both upper lobes. The patient underwent bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with apical bleb resection, bilateral pleurectomy, and bilateral doxycycline pleurodesis. Biopsy of the apical blebs and parietal pleura of both lungs were negative for any atypical cells suspicious for malignancy or Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The patient had been doing well six months following surgery with no recurrence of pneumothorax. Conclusion. SBPSP is a rare and urgent condition that requires prompt intervention. In a young patient without any underlying disease, surgical intervention, such as VATS, is relatively safe and can be considered early.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN A TERM NEONATE: A CASE REPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Mohammad Momen Gharibvand
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Term Neonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Continuous Drainage ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Male Neonate

 Spontaneous pneumothorax does not occur frequently in the newborn. The prevalence of spontaneous neonatal pneumothorax is twice in male as in female neonates. It should be suspected in any neonate with respiratory distress. In this article, we present a 2.6 kg term male neonate who developed respiratory distress 14 h after birth. An urgent chest X-ray anteroposterior was ordered for evaluation. Chest X-ray revealed a left-sided pneumothorax along with mediastinal and tracheal shift to the opposite side which was suggestive of tension pneumothorax. If considerable distress persists, continuous drainage of the pneumothorax should be provided by means of an intercostal drainage and an underwater seal.

scholarly journals Unilateral Pulmonary Aplasia: A Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabina Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Poudel ◽  
Panna Lal Sah
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Pulmonary Agenesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mediastinal Shift ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Mass Lesions

Chest X-Ray findings of unilateral lung or lobar collapse with a shift of mediastinal shift towards the affectedside may prompt differential diagnoses of suspected foreign body aspiration, mucus plug occlusion, andbronchial mass lesions. We must also consider the rare condition of pulmonary agenesis. It is one of therare congenital abnormalities in the development of the lungs in which there is complete absence of alung. We report a three month old child with right sided pulmonary aplasia.Key words: Agenesis lung; pulmonary aplasia; congenital abnormalityDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2645J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 116-118

scholarly journals Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Andrei Dobrea ◽  
Marius Coțofană ◽  
Iulian-Mihai Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Chest ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Left Image

A 22 yo non-smoking patient with no prior medical history was brought into the ER for increasing left chest pain and dyspneea, which suddenly began as a slight discomfort approx. 12h before, in the absence of any form of trauma.On admission, blood tests were within range, SpO2 with oxygen was 92% and decreased breath sounds on auscultation of the upper half of the left hemithorax.The initial chest x-ray revealed a large left pneumothorax, slight contralateral mediastinal shifting and slight verticalization of the left main bronchus (Shown – Left image: PA chest x-ray with arrows marking the visceral pleural margins).Due to the one-way valve characteristic of the pleural rupture site, theintrapleural pressure builds up with every expiration phase, reaching critical levels fairly quick.A classic trocar-style tube thoracostomy was performed under local anesthaesia, with immediate alleviation of both respiratory symptoms and accute thoracic pain. The tube was connected to an underwater seal drainage and was mantained for 5 days under negative-pressure to promote lung re-expansion.A subsequent Thoracic CT-scan revealed complete reexpansion of the left lung with no evidence of bullae or blebs (Shown-Right image: MPR 17.1mm MIP - thoracostomy tube in situ).The patient was discharged after 6 days, with no recurrence at 5 months.The most frequent cause of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax is the rupture of small and often undetectable subpleural blebs, usually seen in young, tall and thin healthy males1.

scholarly journals Seorang Perempuan Perokok Tembakau dan Mariyuana dengan Pneumotoraks Spontan Primer Akibat Blep Multipel yang Pecah

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Yenny Kusmatuti ◽  
Isnin Anang Marhana
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Bronchopleural Fistula ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Lung Collapse ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Smoke Tobacco ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) can be caused by a ruptured blep emfisematus subpleural. People who smoke tobacco and marijuana simultaneously arise PSP will be more risky than just smoking tobacco. Pneumothorax in cannabis smokers may occur due to coughing at the time was holding their breath, when they were smoking marijuana. Case: We report the case of 33-year-old woman with recurrent shortness of breath as a result of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in the right hemithorax. The patient’s tobacco and marijuana smokers. Patients had undergone previous pleurodesis. Chest X-ray picture of the lines conveniently indicates lung collapse and air-fluid level in the right hemithorax. Thoracoscopic showed a large bronchopleural fistula. During thoracotomy found one bronkopeural fistula, three large blep, and more than 15 small blep. Then do the suturing of fistula and blep. Patients recover in a short time and in good condition during treatment. Conclusion: Tobacco and marijuana smoking is a risk factor that is synergistic to the occurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. These patients consume both are irregular but have resulted in multiple blep that can rupture and cause a pneumothorax.

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