Sources of Intraspecific Variability in the Protein Composition of Lizard Femoral Gland Secretions

Copeia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (3) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Alberts ◽  
John A. Phillips ◽  
Dagmar I. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions

scholarly journals Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Cavigliasso ◽  
Hugo Mathé-Hubert ◽  
Laurent Kremmer ◽  
Christian Rebuf ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Host Strain ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Venom Composition ◽  
Venom Proteins

AbstractParasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance / susceptibility to the parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results evidenced a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.Key ContributionThe venom protein composition of parasitoid wasps can evolve rapidly and differently depending on the host strain. Studying this evolution can help identify new venom proteins possibly involved in parasitism success on a given host.

scholarly journals Rapid and Differential Evolution of the Venom Composition of a Parasitoid Wasp Depending on the Host Strain

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavigliasso ◽  
Mathé-Hubert ◽  
Kremmer ◽  
Rebuf ◽  
Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Venom Composition ◽  
Venom Proteins

Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with the crosses of two lines of Leptopilina boulardi of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in resistance/susceptibility to the parental parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results made evident a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.

scholarly journals Proteomics of Galápagos Marine Iguanas Links Function of Femoral Gland Proteins to the Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1523-1532
Author(s):  
Frederik Tellkamp ◽  
Franziska Lang ◽  
Alejandro Ibáñez ◽  
Lena Abraham ◽  
Galo Quezada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Similar Action ◽  
Femoral Glands ◽  
Femoral Gland Secretions ◽  
Marine Iguana

Communication between individuals via molecules, termed chemosignaling, is widespread among animal and plant species. However, we lack knowledge on the specific functions of the substances involved for most systems. The femoral gland is an organ that secretes a waxy substance involved in chemical communication in lizards. Although the lipids and volatile substances secreted by the femoral glands have been investigated in several biochemical studies, the protein composition and functions of secretions remain completely unknown. Applying a proteomic approach, we provide the first attempt to comprehensively characterize the protein composition of femoral gland secretions from the Galápagos marine iguana. Using samples from several organs, the marine iguana proteome was assembled by next-generation sequencing and MS, resulting in 7513 proteins. Of these, 4305 proteins were present in the femoral gland, including keratins, small serum proteins, and fatty acid-binding proteins. Surprisingly, no proteins with discernible roles in partner recognition or inter-species communication could be identified. However, we did find several proteins with direct associations to the innate immune system, including lysozyme C, antileukoproteinase (ALP), pulmonary surfactant protein (SFTPD), and galectin (LGALS1) suggesting that the femoral glands function as an important barrier to infection. Furthermore, we report several novel anti-microbial peptides from the femoral glands that show similar action against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis such as oncocin, a peptide known for its effectiveness against Gram-negative pathogens. This proteomics data set is a valuable resource for future functional protein analysis and demonstrates that femoral gland secretions also perform functions of the innate immune system.

Functional significance of preserved color patterns of mollusks from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) of Alabama

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Kelley ◽  
Charles T. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Life Mode ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Architectural Constraints

The excellent preservation of the molluscan fauna from the Gosport Sand (Eocene) at Little Stave Creek, Alabama, has made it possible to describe the preserved color patterns of 15 species. In this study the functional significance of these color patterns is tested in the context of the current adaptationist controversy. The pigment of the color pattern is thought to be a result of metabolic waste disposal. Therefore, the presence of the pigment is functional, although the patterns formed by the pigment may or may not have been adaptive. In this investigation the criteria proposed by Seilacher (1972) for testing the functionality of color patterns were applied to the Gosport fauna and the results compared with life mode as interpreted from knowledge of extant relatives and functional morphology. Using Seilacher's criteria of little ontogenetic and intraspecific variability, the color patterns appear to have been functional. However, the functional morphology studies indicate an infaunal life mode which would preclude functional color patterns. Particular color patterns are instead interpreted to be the result of historical factors, such as multiple adaptive peaks or random fixation of alleles, or of architectural constraints including possibly pleiotropy or allometry. The low variability of color patterns, which was noted within species and genera, suggests that color patterns may also serve a useful taxonomic purpose.

Bovine Platelet Proteins

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Łopaciuk ◽  
N. O Solum
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Precipitin Line ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Platelet Proteins

Summary1. The protein composition of bovine platelet extracts has been investigated by immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The information obtained is discussed as a basis for study on platelet fibrinogen.2. With antiserum to platelet proteins 11 precipitin lines were observed 3 of which corresponded electrophoretically to plasma albumin, fibrinogen and γ-globulin. These lines were not seen using the same antiserum absorbed with bovine plasma. The 8 additional lines were still present indicating that they represented specific platelet components. Antiserum to plasma produced the 3 above-mentioned lines, but no others.3. With antiserum to purified bovine plasma fibrinogen 3 precipitin lines were observed. The fibrinogen line was the dominant one. The 2 additional lines did not disappear by absorption of the antiserum with bovine serum nor by incubation of the extracts with thrombin. The latter treatment totally removed the fibrinogen line.4. A non-fibrinogen precipitin line, observed only with the antiserum to platelet extract and positioned in the β2-globulin region, disappeared by the incubation of platelet extracts with thrombin.

A comparative analysis of various parts of Ascaris suum with respect to their protein composition

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Won Young Choi ◽  
Young Kwan Jin ◽  
Ok Ran Lee ◽  
Woon Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Protein Composition

Protein composition and antigenicity of the tegument from Paragonimus westermani

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Kim ◽  
S Y Cho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Composition ◽  
Paragonimus Westermani

Palaeontology, taxonomic revision and variability of some species of the genus Gassendiceras Bert et al., 2006 (Ammonitina, Upper Barremian) from southeastern Franc

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Bert ◽  
Stéphane Bersac ◽  
Gérard Delanoy ◽  
Léon Canut
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Two New Species

Abstract Bed-by-bed sampling of twelve Barremian sections in southeastern France from pelagic basin (Vocontian Basin) to neritic platforms (Arc of Castellane, Arc of Nice and Provencal Domain) has enabled the collection of isochronous samples of the ammonite genus Gassendiceras. Three poorly known species of the Toxancyloceras vandenheckei Zone (Upper Barremian) are revised: G. alpinum, G. multicostatum and G. hoheneggeri; two new species are described (G. rebouleti nov. sp. and G. bosellii nov. sp.). The intraspecific variability of particular species was recognised. This variability is between slender peramorphic and robust paedomorphic extreme morphologies, with the presence of all intermediates.

The Effect of Water Stress on Wheat Kernel Size, Color and Protein Composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Konopka ◽  
Małgorzata Tańska ◽  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Gabriel Fordoński ◽  
Witold Kozirok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Wheat Kernel
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