Canada's First Diplomatic Missions in Latin America

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Canadian Foreign Policy ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
British Commonwealth

Canada became the odd man out in the Western Hemisphere when it declared war on Germany on September 10, 1939. Other than the Caribbean colonies of the various European belligerents, Canada was the only American country to become an active participant in the European war. The decision to go to war had been freely made by Parliament, but it was clearly determined by Canada's historic ties as a member of the British Commonwealth. As the only independent belligerent in the Americas, Canada's position clearly was anomalous, and the makers of Canadian foreign policy had to go to considerable effort trying to overcome the problems Canada faced as a nation at war in a hemisphere trying to avoid war.

US Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 19th Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Loveman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Monroe Doctrine ◽  
American Policy ◽  
The 19Th Century

U.S. foreign policy toward Latin America in the 19th century initially focused on excluding or limiting the military and economic influence of European powers, territorial expansion, and encouraging American commerce. These objectives were expressed in the No Transfer Principle (1811) and the Monroe Doctrine (1823). American policy was unilateralist (not isolationist); it gradually became more aggressive and interventionist as the idea of Manifest Destiny contributed to wars and military conflicts against indigenous peoples, France, Britain, Spain, and Mexico in the Western Hemisphere. Expansionist sentiments and U.S. domestic politics inspired annexationist impulses and filibuster expeditions to Mexico, Cuba, and parts of Central America. Civil war in the United States put a temporary halt to interventionism and imperial dreams in Latin America. From the 1870s until the end of the century, U.S. policy intensified efforts to establish political and military hegemony in the Western Hemisphere, including periodic naval interventions in the Caribbean and Central America, reaching even to Brazil in the 1890s. By the end of the century Secretary of State Richard Olney added the Olney Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (“Today the United States is practically sovereign on this continent and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition . . .”), and President Theodore Roosevelt contributed his own corollary in 1904 (“in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of wrongdoing or impotence, to exercise an international police power”). American policy toward Latin America, at the turn of the century, explicitly justified unilateral intervention, military occupation, and transformation of sovereign states into political and economic protectorates in order to defend U.S. economic interests and an expanding concept of national security.

The Relevance of Latin America to the Foreign Policy of Commonwealth Caribbean States

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Preiswerk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One

For the leaders and people of every new state of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, independence has brought about a dramatic awakening with respect to the conceptualization of their position in world affairs. The loosening of ties with the metropolis, which had been the primary aim of the struggle for independence, suddenly appears in a double perspective. On the one hand, it contains the threat of distintegration of the established social and economic order and, on the other hand, it opens prospects for new bonds and opportunities. After decades or centuries of predominantly bilateral relationships between colony and metropolis, historical links are confronted with the pressures resulting from geographic proximity .The diversification of foreign contacts is a phenomenon of the very recent past. The leaders and inhabitants of Ghana and the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Niger, Trinidad and Venezuela, or Guyana and Brazil are only now realizing the full impact of their relationship as neighbours.

scholarly journals Saving Women's Lives in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Quality and Access

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 148s-148s
Author(s):  
S. Beare ◽  
A. Meglioli ◽  
J. Burke ◽  
N. Bandhoe ◽  
J. López Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The Caribbean

Background and context: It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Latin America and the Caribbean, and yet cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable and treatable. In a region where many lack even basic access to quality sexual and reproductive healthcare, screening and treatment services for HPV and cervical cancer are far from universally available. International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR) and its member associations (MAs) are working to reverse this trend, identifying and bridging local gaps in access and services wherever possible. Aim: IPPF/WHR and its MAs seek to improve both providers' ability to deliver - and women's ability to access - quality cervical cancer screening and treatment through institutional capacity building, the introduction of new technologies, advocacy and community awareness efforts. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Increase cervical cancer services by training providers in the provision of low cost, high capacity screening and treatment methods, including visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), HC2 and HPV DNA screening technologies, and a single-visit approach (SVA) to treatment using cryotherapy, thermocoagulation and LEEP. 2) Educate populations and increase demand for cervical cancer services by implementing public awareness campaigns and community information, education and communication (IEC) activities promoting the importance of early detection and treatment. 3) Improve and standardize clinical protocols and referral pathways by advocating among and collaborating with key decision-makers and local ministries of health. Program/Policy process: MAs are implementing small-scale pilot studies to incorporate VIA, HC2 and HPV DNA screening and new treatment to provide even greater numbers of women with potentially life-saving diagnostics and care in Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and Bolivia. As leading clinical experts and advocates, several MAs are also working with public sector counterparts to refine two-way referral pathways, standardize screening protocols and clinical guidelines, and to ensure data quality and collection. A range of Caribbean MAs have also been trained in the use of VIA, cryo and LEEP. Outcomes: From 2016 to 2017, MAs from Belize, Grenada, Suriname, and several additional Caribbean countries who received training in VIA and other screening and treatment techniques saw an average 7% increase in the number of direct cervical cancer services provided. MAs from Belize, Bolivia and Honduras also contributed to updated national cervical cancer protocols. What was learned: An effective national response to cervical cancer requires the support and collaboration of civil society organizations, which can deliver direct services and play a catalytic role in advancing technical recommendations and policy dialogue. Countries should continue to improve the quality of VIA services, until more advanced screening technologies become available and can be scaled up.

Whirlpool: U.S. Foreign Policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Abraham F. Lowenthal ◽  
Robert A. Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Features of Historical Development of Venezuela: Past and Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
V. Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the features of historical development of Venezuela since the proclamation of the country’s independence at the beginning of the 19th century up to the modern period of governing by the Venezuelan presidents Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro. The article pays a special attention to an important event in the history of Venezuela - the 1914 discovery of a giant oil field in the region of Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela’s implementation and further development of the so-called oil-containing model and the impact of the oil and gas production and processing of carbon resources on the socio-political situation in the country and well-being of the Venezuelan people. The period of the reign of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez (1998-2013) has been studied in more detail. The general thesis of the doctrine of the “Bolivarian revolution” have been considered and certain provisions end attainments of the program to construct the “Bolivarian socialism”, have been detected certain achievements and problems of implementing the participatory democracy in Venezuela. Certain foreign policy initiatives of the president and specific steps aimed at achieving the leading role in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean have been analyzed. The article highlights anti-Americanism as a peculiar trend of Hugo Chavez’s foreign policy and the sentiments of Venezuelan society, the peculiarities of Venezuela-Ukraine bilateral relations development have been emphasized. It has been concluded that it is advisable to further study the experience of creating the state and carrying out reforms in Venezuela for its possible further use in the development of our state, as well as using certain Venezuelan approaches regarding its leadership in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean in order to enhance and strengthen the role of Ukraine in the European regional cooperation.

Soviet Political Uses of Trade with Latin America

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Evanson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trade Credits ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The U.S

This Essay examines Soviet uses of economic trade for political and diplomatic purposes in Latin America. Recent events in Central America and the Caribbean have generated a great number of analyses of Soviet goals and tactics in the Western Hemisphere (Duncan, 1984; Leiken, 1984; Rothenberg, 1984; Varas, 1984; Valenta, 1982). Direct Soviet military aid to Nicaragua, and to Grenada prior to the U.S. invasion in 1983, has suggested a more forward Soviet role in the region. On the other hand, Soviet arms shipments to Latin America, excepting those to Cuba, are a relatively recent response to revolutionary developments that may prove to be ephemeral, or which may encounter stiff U.S. resistance. Given geopolitical realities of the area, the Soviet military option certainly is less viable in Latin America than elsewhere in the developing world. In contrast, trade and aid – and Soviet aid is given chiefly in the form of trade credits – are a long-established, politically safe tactical alternative.

Immigration and U.S. Foreign Policy in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The Caribbean

Cuba's Foreign Policy Toward Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1980s

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-207
Author(s):  
Juan Valdés Paz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The Caribbean
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document