Latin America and the Caribbean Bring the Western Hemisphere into the Belt and Road

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-341
Author(s):  
Gretchen Small
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Xufeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Belt And Road

During the initial implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the 2030 Agenda), the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) was held in Santiago, Chile, in January 2018. During this forum, China officially invited 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study links three important global governance issues: The 2030 Agenda, China-LAC relations and BRI. The authors attempt to analyze how China’s BRI in the LAC region can learn from the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations with 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study shows that although China and the LAC region have strong political, economic and trade relationships, they must deepen dialogues and cooperation on sustainable development, especially the 2030 Agenda with 17 SDGs, which can be inspirations for China’s BRI in this region. BRI, which aligns with the 2030 Agenda and contributes to Chinese experience in development, can generate new opportunities for the LAC region to implement such an agenda. However, the challenges and risks of BRI cannot be ignored, and adequate answers and solutions should be provided to allow BRI to achieve a win–win outcome for China and LAC countries. The authors also examine the alignment of China’s policies towards LAC and BRI with the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) and the involvement of each SDG in these policies as the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) should be considered in policy-making for China’s BRI in the LAC region. Moreover, on the basis of previous analyses, suggestions for a successful BRI in the LAC region in six sectors are proposed in the context the 2030 Agenda.

scholarly journals Chile along the road. Changes and continuities of the Chilean development model in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Javiera Francisca Flores Urbina
Keyword(s):  
Development Model ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
The Belt And Road

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the development of a massive project of global connectivity infrastructure, known nowadays as the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路). Although it was originally presented as a trade project focused on Europe and Asia, through the years the Belt and Road Initiative has been unravelled as a much more complex project. Lately, it has been extended to more territories, one of them being Latin America and the Caribbean region. Chile has already signed cooperation agreements regarding the Initiative, and cooperation in trade and connectivity between Chile and China is already taking place. This article will discuss the changes and continuities that the cooperation between Chile and China, under the scope of the Initiative, provides for the sustainable development challenges Chile faces. The article concludes that the cooperation dimensions between both countries represent elements of both changes and continuities for the model of development of Chile.

scholarly journals Saving Women's Lives in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment Quality and Access

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 148s-148s
Author(s):  
S. Beare ◽  
A. Meglioli ◽  
J. Burke ◽  
N. Bandhoe ◽  
J. López Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The Caribbean

Background and context: It is the third leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Latin America and the Caribbean, and yet cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable and treatable. In a region where many lack even basic access to quality sexual and reproductive healthcare, screening and treatment services for HPV and cervical cancer are far from universally available. International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR) and its member associations (MAs) are working to reverse this trend, identifying and bridging local gaps in access and services wherever possible. Aim: IPPF/WHR and its MAs seek to improve both providers' ability to deliver - and women's ability to access - quality cervical cancer screening and treatment through institutional capacity building, the introduction of new technologies, advocacy and community awareness efforts. Strategy/Tactics: 1) Increase cervical cancer services by training providers in the provision of low cost, high capacity screening and treatment methods, including visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), HC2 and HPV DNA screening technologies, and a single-visit approach (SVA) to treatment using cryotherapy, thermocoagulation and LEEP. 2) Educate populations and increase demand for cervical cancer services by implementing public awareness campaigns and community information, education and communication (IEC) activities promoting the importance of early detection and treatment. 3) Improve and standardize clinical protocols and referral pathways by advocating among and collaborating with key decision-makers and local ministries of health. Program/Policy process: MAs are implementing small-scale pilot studies to incorporate VIA, HC2 and HPV DNA screening and new treatment to provide even greater numbers of women with potentially life-saving diagnostics and care in Belize, Honduras, El Salvador and Bolivia. As leading clinical experts and advocates, several MAs are also working with public sector counterparts to refine two-way referral pathways, standardize screening protocols and clinical guidelines, and to ensure data quality and collection. A range of Caribbean MAs have also been trained in the use of VIA, cryo and LEEP. Outcomes: From 2016 to 2017, MAs from Belize, Grenada, Suriname, and several additional Caribbean countries who received training in VIA and other screening and treatment techniques saw an average 7% increase in the number of direct cervical cancer services provided. MAs from Belize, Bolivia and Honduras also contributed to updated national cervical cancer protocols. What was learned: An effective national response to cervical cancer requires the support and collaboration of civil society organizations, which can deliver direct services and play a catalytic role in advancing technical recommendations and policy dialogue. Countries should continue to improve the quality of VIA services, until more advanced screening technologies become available and can be scaled up.

Recognition and enforcement of judgments between China and the Caribbean: reflections from the perspective of Caribbean offshore financial centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Belt And Road

Given that a substantial number of cross-border investments related to China involve companies registered in Caribbean offshore financial centres, the recognition and enforcement of judgments between China and Caribbean offshore financial centres directly affect the relevant cross-border dispute resolution. Effective dispute resolution is of great significance not only to Caribbean offshore financial centres’ offshore financial business, but also to China’s attraction of foreign investment. However, as yet, no effective mechanism exists for addressing the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments by China and Caribbean offshore financial centres. In light of the liberalisation of Chinese rules in this field, China and Caribbean offshore financial centres should seek ways, including signing international treaties, building consensus building, and promoting test cases, so as to promote the recognition and enforcement of judgments based on the cooperation platform under the Belt and Road Initiative.

China's Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America: What has Changed?

2021 ◽  
pp. 186810262110478
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The Belt And Road

When China invited the Latin American countries to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative, it fuelled expectations of a much closer and more productive relationship with the region. In practice, however, there is little evidence that this was happening even before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The article shows that neither the policy statements by China nor the trends in economic relations indicate a substantive change in Sino–Latin American relations and that the Belt and Road Initiative represents a repackaging of existing relations and the continuation of trends that have been underway since the global financial crisis.

Deconstructing the Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Enrique Serrano Moreno ◽  
Diego Telias ◽  
Francisco Urdinez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Belt And Road

PurposeThe objective of this study is to address the diplomatic and economic implications of the participation of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).Design/methodology/approachThe study examines official documents related to the BRI and LAC's signing of the Memorandum of Understanding within the framework of the BRI (MoUs) in order to look into what it means to join the BRI. Additionally, it also introduces the findings of articles in Asian Education and Development Studies' current issue published in 2020.FindingsIn LAC, the BRI does not represent a new policy, but rather the updating and rebranding of a pre-existing one. The BRI primarily consists of an official discursive framework which aims to build a coherent narrative for a wide range of different projects and policies geared toward the improvement of connectivity with China through the development of trade and investments. However, most of these projects were implemented prior to the BRI. Pragmatism lies at the core of this framework which neither has a regulated accession process nor any binding effects. As a result, the signing the MoU represents, foremost, a diplomatic mise-en-scène. The study operates under the belief that BRI membership is not dichotomous; rather, it must be observed in terms of the countries' level of participation. In line with this, the implementation of a generalized BRI policy in LAC countries would not be advisable. Moreover, it must be noted that the BRI's reach to Latin America can be rather problematic due to the fact that the latter was not initially a participant.Originality/valueThe study aims to explore the significance of the BRI beyond the official discourse and discuss the involvement of LAC countries in it. Scholars studying the BRI in other regions have noted that there is not enough information on this policy in the context of LAC.

Current trends in China's international development cooperation to Latin America: potential opportunities and challenges with the belt and road initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio ◽  
Juan Carlos Gachúz Maya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Development ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Development Cooperation

PurposeThis paper enquires into general trends of China's International Development Cooperation over the past decade in Latin America and provides insights into the challenges with the Belt and Road Initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses quantitative data for Chinese Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Other Official Flows (OOF) for projects in Latin America based on recent data contributions including Bluhm et al. (2018) and Gallagher & Myers (2019).FindingsBased on the data available, it can be concluded that the cooperation between China and Latin America has been increasing. For instance, the value of China's cooperation increased by 4.5% per year on average from 2000 to 2014. Moreover, China's economic and political motivations in the region indicate that the cooperative relationship has been changing from a South–South to a North–South framework. Two main factors are involved in this transition: the evolution of China from a developing country to a global emerging power and the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative to strengthen political and economic ties with the governments of the region.Practical implicationsThis investigation suggests that the increasing number of loans in the region and Beijing's growing interest in trade and natural resources are structural factors that guide the Chinese foreign policy.Originality/valueThere are few analyses of China's cooperation for development in Latin America that involve the evaluation of concessional and non-concessional loans for projects in the region in the last decade. This paper also analyses the challenges and opportunities that the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative represents for the region.

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