Local Adaptation in the Armored Scale Insect Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona (Homoptera: Diaspididae)

Ecology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Hanks ◽  
Robert F. Denno
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona

Molecular Phylogenetic Placement of the Recently Described Armored Scale Insect Abgrallaspis aguacatae and Several Congeners (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Rugman-Jones ◽  
Jeremy C. Andersen ◽  
Joseph G. Morse ◽  
Benjamin B. Normark ◽  
Richard Stouthamer
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

scholarly journals Suitability of Five Horticulturally Important Armored Scale Insects as Hosts for an Exotic Predaceous Lady Beetle1

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda C. Bull ◽  
Michael J. Raupp ◽  
Mark R. Hardin ◽  
Clifford S. Sadof
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Chilocorus Kuwanae ◽  
San Jose Scale ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Euonymus Scale

Abstract Chilocorus kuwanae (Sylvestri) was imported from Korea to the United States for release against the euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi (Comstock)). Field observations suggest that C. kuwanae feeds on a number of other armored scale insects, including white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targionni-Tozzeti)) and obscure scale (Melanaspis obscura (Comstock)). However, such observations have not been rigorously examined under controlled conditions. Our laboratory investigations indicate that C. kuwanae survives and reproduces well on San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)), in addition to euonymus scale. Fecundity was reduced in adults fed white peach scale. Few larvae survived to adulthood when fed oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii (Bouche)). Adults failed to reproduce on obscure scale; none of the larvae fed this host survived to the pupal stage.

scholarly journals Recent Status of Pests and Diseases on Cut Roses in Batu East Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Wahyu Handayati ◽  
Donald Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Crown Gall ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in Indonesia. Almost 57.02% of the national cut rose’s demand was supplied from East Java, mainly from Batu. However, in the production process, there are various problems, especially pest and disease damages. In this regard, a study was conducted to determine recent status of the pests and diseases on roses in cultivation center of Batu, East Java. Observation was carried out in the farmers’ field randomly, from October to December 2014. Observation was performed on type and damage intensity of the pests and diseases. The pests and plant damage were sampled for further identification. An interview was made with some farmers to get secondary data about the type and the importance of the pests and diseases as well as the effort for controlling them. The result showed that some pests and diseases found included aphid, armored scale insect, spider mite, thrips, black spot, crown gall and powdery mildew. Based on morphological identification, there were two families of armored scale insect, i.e., Coccidae and Diaspidae. The highest damage intensity was due to armored scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall with the percentage of damage intensities of 50.50%, 20.00%, 45.50% and 65.00%, respectively. Based on those data, scale insect, thrips, black spot and crown gall were classified as important pests and diseases on roses in this area. Some pesticides and other materials like petroleum oil and detergent were used by the farmers to control either pests or diseases, but they were ineffective, especially in controlling armored scale insect and crown gall. Keywords: Cut roses, pest, disease, inventory, observation, status

DNA barcodes for two scale insect families, mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-S. Park ◽  
S.-J. Suh ◽  
P.D.N. Hebert ◽  
H.-W. Oh ◽  
K.-J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Effective System

AbstractAlthough DNA barcode coverage has grown rapidly for many insect orders, there are some groups, such as scale insects, where sequence recovery has been difficult. However, using a recently developed primer set, we recovered barcode records from 373 specimens, providing coverage for 75 species from 31 genera in two families. Overall success was >90% for mealybugs and >80% for armored scale species. The G·C content was very low in most species, averaging just 16.3%. Sequence divergences (K2P) between congeneric species averaged 10.7%, while intra-specific divergences averaged 0.97%. However, the latter value was inflated by high intra-specific divergence in nine taxa, cases that may indicate species overlooked by current taxonomic treatments. Our study establishes the feasibility of developing a comprehensive barcode library for scale insects and indicates that its construction will both create an effective system for identifying scale insects and reveal taxonomic situations worthy of deeper analysis.

scholarly journals MICROTUBULES IN RELATION TO THE MOTILITY OF A SPERM SYNCYTIUM IN AN ARMORED SCALE INSECT

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gerald Robison
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Nuclear Core ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Outside Diameter

Male scale insects of the species Parlatoria oleae Colvée (Homoptera: Coccoidea) produce motile sperm bundles. The bundle is a syncytium consisting of 10 to 20 closely packed, filamentous spermatozoa, which share a common cytoplasm and are enclosed in a common membrane. The individual spermatozoon is not surrounded by a plasma membrane, but is delimited by a scroll-like sheath composed of 45 to 50 microtubules. The microtubules run parallel to the long axis of the spermatozoon and are arranged in a spiral pattern as seen in transection. The outside diameter measures approximately 140 to 220 A and the inside diameter, 70 to 100 A. The spermatozoon is about 300 µ long and tapers gradually from a diameter of approximately 0.3 µ anteriorly to 0.1 µ posteriorly. The anterior half (150 µ) has a threadlike core of chromatin about 0.07 µ in diameter. A homogeneous cytoplasm surrounds the nuclear core and fills the posterior half of the spermatozoon. Neither osmium tetroxide nor glutaraldehyde fixation revealed the presence of a nuclear envelope, acrosomal membranes, mitochondria, flagellum, or centrioles. In spite of the apparent lack of orthodox cell organelles, the spermatozoon is actively motile upon release from the bundle. It exhibits capactiy for motility throughout its entire length. Since the sheath of microtubules is the only structure which extends the full length of the spermatozoon, it probably plays a significant role in spermatozoan motility.

Ecophysiological Responses of Giant Reed (Arundo donax) to Herbivory

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgianne W. Moore ◽  
David A. Watts ◽  
John A. Goolsby
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses

AbstractThe effect of invasive species might be lessened if herbivores reduced transpiration and growth rates; however, simply removing photosynthetic material might not ensure that the transpiration rate of active leaf tissue decreases. We assessed whether biological control has an injurious effect on the target plant species, giant reed (Arundo donax), by quantifying leaf photosynthetic and transpiration responses to two herbivores: an armored scale, Rhizaspidiotus donacis, and a stem-galling wasp, Tetramesa romana. Herbivory by a sap-feeding scale and a stem-galling wasp both separately and together, reduces the rates of leaf level physiological processes in A. donax. The effect of the wasp increases with density and reduces photosynthesis by reducing the carboxylation rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, which controls CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. The scale insect reduces photosynthesis by decreasing the maximum rate of electron transport, which determines how much light energy can be captured in photosynthesis. The effect of the armored scale takes approximately 5 mo after infestation, which coincides with generation time. When both insects are present at the same time, the effect of their herbivory appears additive after time for the scale to reproduce. We conclude that a combination of two herbivores can have a stronger physiological effect than one type of herbivore, likely because of their different effects on leaf function.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona Resistance of Four Different Cultivars of Kiwifruit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhe Zheng ◽  
Qiaohong Li ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guanle Wu ◽  
Ke Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pseudaulacaspis Pentagona ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
White Peach Scale ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract Background:Kiwifruit is a common and popular fruit around the world. However, white peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) [Targioni-Tozzetti], a scale insect with a wide range of hosts, seriously affects the yield and quality of kiwifruit. To investigate the differences in resistance of different kiwifruit cultivars to Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, cellular structure and gene expression assays were used to explain the mechanism. Results:In this study, based on the stability of the rate of injury fruit, we selected four cultivars from fifty kiwifruits for in-depth study, including “LC-04285”, “CF-3”, “DA-7B” and “Hayward”. By analyzing the differences in the anatomical structure of the canes of these cultivars, we found that the resistant cultivar "LC-04285" had thicker cuticle, denser epidermis and cortex. The real-time quantitative PCR data indicated that the expression levels of genes related to cuticle synthesis and formation of epidermis and cortex are also higher in “LC-04285”. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important hormone involved in plant defense against many insect pests. In this study, we found that the expression levels of JA receptor COI1 were higher in “LC-04285”. However, the expression levels of AcJAZs, which played negative role in JA signaling, were higher in susceptible cultivar “Hayward”. Besides, the expression levels of AcICS, AcPAL4, AcPAL5, and AcNPRs, which were involved in salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and SA response, were also higher in “LC-04285”. Conclusions:Our results revealed the mechanism of kiwifruit resistance to P. pentagona at the molecular and cellular levels. This study provided useful guidance for breeding insect-resistant kiwifruit in future.

scholarly journals Armored Scale Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1749b-1750
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Trees And Shrubs
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