Chapter six explores the complex relationship between child poverty and families being in and out of work. It looks at the role of employment in lifting families out of poverty and how low quality, low security employment poses a threat to children and families rather than a route out of poverty. The chapter examines poverty and employment from the perspective of the child, exploring the implications for children of parental employment, unemployment, worklessness, low pay, and insecure employment. With the increase across the developed world of labour market activation, and the dominant status and values attached to employment, this chapter draws on research from children and low income working parents to highlight the challenges faced by children and families situated at the insecure, fragile end of the labour market. There are many actions by governments that interplay with employment and unemployment: in particular, this chapter looks at in-work benefits, labour market activation and welfare conditionality.