Kernel contraction

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Ove Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Partial Meet Contraction ◽  
Kernel Contraction

AbstractKernel contraction is a natural nonrelational generalization of safe contraction. All partial meet contractions are kernel contractions, but the converse relationship does not hold. Kernel contraction is axiomatically characterized. It is shown to be better suited than partial meet contraction for formal treatments of iterated belief change.

scholarly journals Kernel Contraction and Base Dependence

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 97-148
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Oveisi ◽  
James P. Delgrande ◽  
Francis Jeffry Pelletier ◽  
Fred Popowich
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Dependence Relation ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Belief Base ◽  
Dependence Relations ◽  
Kernel Contraction ◽  
Approximate Dependence ◽  
Information Finding ◽  
Belief Set

The AGM paradigm of belief change studies the dynamics of belief states in light of new information. Finding, or even approximating, those beliefs that are dependent on or relevant to a change is valuable because, for example, it can narrow the set of beliefs considered during belief change operations. A strong intuition in this area is captured by Gärdenfors’s preservation criterion (GPC), which suggests that formulas independent of a belief change should remain intact. GPC thus allows one to build dependence relations that are linked with belief change. Such dependence relations can in turn be used as a theoretical benchmark against which to evaluate other approximate dependence or relevance relations. Fariñas and Herzig axiomatize a dependence relation with respect to a belief set, and, based on GPC, they characterize the correspondence between AGM contraction functions and dependence relations. In this paper, we introduce base dependence as a relation between formulas with respect to a belief base, and prove a more general characterization that shows the correspondence between kernel contraction and base dependence. At this level of generalization, different types of base dependence emerge, which we show to be a result of possible redundancy in the belief base. We further show that one of these relations that emerge, strong base dependence, is parallel to saturated kernel contraction. We then prove that our latter characterization is a reversible generalization of Fariñas and Herzig’s characterization. That is, in the special case when the underlying belief base is deductively closed (i.e., it is a belief set), strong base dependence reduces to dependence, and so do their respective characterizations. Finally, an intriguing feature of Fariñas and Herzig’s formalism is that it meets other criteria for dependence, namely, Keynes’s conjunction criterion for dependence (CCD) and Gärdenfors’s conjunction criterion for independence (CCI). We prove that our base dependence formalism also meets these criteria. Even more interestingly, we offer a more specific criterion that implies both CCD and CCI, and show our base dependence formalism also meets this new criterion.

Self-belief change and self-concept clarity

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Self Concept

scholarly journals Policy learning as complex contagion: how social networks shape organizational beliefs in forest-based climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Gronow ◽  
Maria Brockhaus ◽  
Monica Di Gregorio ◽  
Aasa Karimo ◽  
Tuomas Ylä-Anttila
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Organizational Beliefs ◽  
Policy Subsystems

AbstractPolicy learning can alter the perceptions of both the seriousness and the causes of a policy problem, thus also altering the perceived need to do something about the problem. This then allows for the informed weighing of different policy options. Taking a social network perspective, we argue that the role of social influence as a driver of policy learning has been overlooked in the literature. Network research has shown that normatively laden belief change is likely to occur through complex contagion—a process in which an actor receives social reinforcement from more than one contact in its social network. We test the applicability of this idea to policy learning using node-level network regression models on a unique longitudinal policy network survey dataset concerning the Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) initiative in Brazil, Indonesia, and Vietnam. We find that network connections explain policy learning in Indonesia and Vietnam, where the policy subsystems are collaborative, but not in Brazil, where the level of conflict is higher and the subsystem is more established. The results suggest that policy learning is more likely to result from social influence and complex contagion in collaborative than in conflictual settings.

scholarly journals Syntax-Preserving Belief Change Operators for Logic Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Sebastian Binnewies ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhuang ◽  
Kewen Wang ◽  
Bela Stantic
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Logic Programs

scholarly journals Bias versus bias: Harnessing hindsight to reveal paranormal belief change beyond demand characteristics

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kane ◽  
T. J. Core ◽  
R. R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Versus Bias ◽  
Paranormal Belief ◽  
Bias Versus

Seeing is believing: A common sense theory of the adoption of perception-based beliefs

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN BELL ◽  
ZHISHENG HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Belief Change ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Robotics ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Abstract Architecture

In this paper we present a formal common sense theory of the adoption of perception-based beliefs. We begin with a logical analysis of perception and then consider when perception should lead to belief change. Our theory is intended to apply to perception in humans and to perception in artificial agents at the level of the symbolic interface between a vision system and a belief system. In order to provide a context for our work we relate it to the emerging field of cognitive robotics, give an abstract architecture for an agent which is both embodied and capable of reasoning, and relate this to the concrete architectures of two vision-based surveillance systems.

Examining the effects of thought records and behavioral experiments in instigating belief change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. McManus ◽  
K. Van Doorn ◽  
J. Yiend
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Behavioral Experiments

scholarly journals Reputations for Resolve and Higher-Order Beliefs in Crisis Bargaining

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272199554
Author(s):  
Allan Dafoe ◽  
Remco Zwetsloot ◽  
Matthew Cebul
Keyword(s):  
Belief Change ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Crisis Bargaining ◽  
First Order ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Higher Order Effects

Reputations for resolve are said to be one of the few things worth fighting for, yet they remain inadequately understood. Discussions of reputation focus almost exclusively on first-order belief change— A stands firm, B updates its beliefs about A’s resolve. Such first-order reputational effects are important, but they are not the whole story. Higher-order beliefs—what A believes about B’s beliefs, and so on—matter a great deal as well. When A comes to believe that B is more resolved, this may decrease A’s resolve, and this in turn may increase B’s resolve, and so on. In other words, resolve is interdependent. We offer a framework for estimating higher-order effects, and find evidence of such reasoning in a survey experiment on quasi-elites. Our findings indicate both that states and leaders can develop potent reputations for resolve, and that higher-order beliefs are often responsible for a large proportion of these effects (40 percent to 70 percent in our experimental setting). We conclude by complementing the survey with qualitative evidence and laying the groundwork for future research.

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