Is It What You Know or Who You Know?: An Information Typology of How First-Generation College Students Access Campus Resources

While there has been increased investigation of the enrollment patterns and access to college for first-generation college students (FGCS), less is understood about how FGCS learn and utilize vital information to persist with limited familial knowledge about college success. In this paper we utilize focus group data of 62 diverse FGCS to create a typology of how students utilize information to succeed in college. Using theory from sociology and information sciences we categorize the sources FGCS learn from and how information is utilized. Our findings indicate that FGCS develop complex ways of finding information even with minimal support and those information sources that are most helpful are often connected to pre-existing and informal relationships. We conclude by offering implications for future research on FGCS student success and opportunities for administrators to incorporate information-finding and relationship-building concepts into student success practice.

Question Answering Survey: Directions, Challenges, Datasets, Evaluation Matrices

The usage and amount of information available on the internet increase over the past decade. This digitization leads to the need for automated answering system to extract fruitful information from redundant and transitional knowledge sources. Such systems are designed to cater the most prominent answer from this giant knowledge source to the user’s query using natural language understanding (NLU) and thus eminently depends on the Question-answering(QA) field. Question answering involves but not limited to the steps like mapping of user’s question to pertinent query, retrieval of relevant information, finding the best suitable answer from the retrieved information etc. The current improvement of deep learning models evince compelling performance improvement in all these tasks. In this review work, the research directions of QA field are analyzed based on the type of question, answer type, source of evidence-answer, and modeling approach. This detailing followed by open challenges of the field like automatic question generation, similarity detection and, low resource availability for a language. In the end, a survey of available datasets and evaluation measures is presented.

TYPES, FUNCTIONS, AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS OF REDUPLICATION IN SUMBAWA BESAR DIALECT

The study discusses the types, functions, and morphological processes of Reduplication in the Sumbawa Besar dialect. Data was taken from recorded conversation, which naturally occurred among the native speakers of Sumbawa Besar Dialect. The native were also interviewed to gain deeply information. Finding of this study describes some types of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect namely full Reduplication, partial Reduplication, and reduplication variation of phoneme. In full Reduplication, the word is fully repeated without any additional morpheme or phoneme to the base word. For example, the base word ‘lao’ (slow) is fully reduplicated becomes ‘lao-lao’ (slowly). Partial Reduplication is partly the repetition of the base word. For example, ‘Barema’ (together) is the base form that is reduplicated by repeating the last phoneme to become ‘Barema-rema’. ‘Barema’ is the base and ‘rema’ is its phoneme which is repeated to form Reduplication. Reduplication variation of phoneme is the type of Reduplication which combines two different word classes and meaning to create meaningful Reduplication. As example, ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). ‘sedo’ is the first base word and the second word is ‘gaso’. Those are combined to create Reduplication becomes ‘sedo-gaso’ (supplies). Function of Reduplication in Sumbawa Besar Dialect was to change word classes as verb is changed into noun and change singular form to plural form of the noun. In example, ‘Mangan’ (eat) is the word class of verb which is changed into the word class of noun ‘Mangan’-‘Mangan’ (a picnic) in its Reduplication. In another example, the word Anak (a child) is the singular form of noun is changed into plural form Anak-dadi (children) in its Reduplication.

Optimalisasi Pelayanan Perpustakaan terhadap Minat Baca Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering

Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) is a structured analysis process aimed at getting new and correct information, finding patterns from complex data, and being useful. Data mining is at the core of the KDD process. Clustering is a data mining method that is suitable for optimizing library services because it can cluster books effectively and efficiently, with the K-Means algorithm data can be clustered and information from each centroid value of each cluster. Library services can optimize the placement of books so that students can quickly find books according to their reading interest more effectively and can be attracted to other books because they are in one grouping. Meanwhile, the library can prioritize the procurement of the next book. Optimization of library services in the cluster using the K-Means method. Clustering interest in reading has the criteria for the number of books available, borrowed books, and the length of time the books are borrowed. The book data is clustered into 3, namely very interested, in demand, and less desirable. After doing the calculation process from 40 samples of book types, it resulted in 6 iterations, and the final results were 3 clustering, namely cluster 1 of 4 books that were of great interest, cluster 2 of 20 books that were of interest, and cluster 3 of 16 books that were less desirable. This research can be used as a recommendation reference for optimizing library services both for the layout and procurement of books by prioritizing the types of books that are of great interest.

Long-term Transverse Imaging of the Hippocampus with Glass Microperiscopes

The hippocampus consists of a stereotyped neuronal circuit repeated along the septal-temporal axis. This transverse circuit contains distinct subfields with stereotyped connectivity that support crucial cognitive processes, including episodic and spatial memory. However, comprehensive measurements across the transverse hippocampal circuit in vivo are intractable with existing techniques. Here, we developed an approach for two-photon imaging of the transverse hippocampal plane in awake mice via implanted glass microperiscopes, allowing optical access to the major hippocampal subfields and to the dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons. Using this approach, we tracked dendritic morphological dynamics on CA1 apical dendrites and characterized spine turnover. We then used calcium imaging to quantify the prevalence of place and speed cells across subfields. Finally, we measured the anatomical distribution of spatial information, finding a non-uniform distribution of spatial selectivity along the DG-to-CA1 axis. This approach extends the existing toolbox for structural and functional measurements of hippocampal circuitry.

Records management at the Council of Europe (2): the digital turn

The implementation of electronic records management at the Council of Europe was a crucial step in leading the intergovernmental human rights organization towards comprehensive corporate information management. The motivation for introducing records management was to improve access to information. Finding information proved to be difficult due to the fragmented information landscape, combined with a lack of governance for digital information. To amend this situation, corporate control and standardization were introduced along the whole information life cycle, involving the information producers as key players. The article describes this implementation, covering roughly the decade from 2008 to 2018, from its foundations and preparations to the deployment, awareness-raising and training activities. Special emphasis is put on the instruments that support a standardized records management approach, such as business classification scheme, retention and disposal schedules, and metadata. The success and failure points are briefly presented. It appears that records management can be a catalyst for corporate-wide information management.

An Analysis of the Second Year Students' Difficulties on Reading Analytical Exposition Text at SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru

This research was aimed to find out the difficulties of students on reading understanding analytical exposition text. This research is descriptive quantitative research. The population of this research was the second-year students of SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru, then for the sample choose one class by using clustering-random-sampling. This research used a reading test and questionnaire as the instrument. The results of this study indicate that there are difficulties for students to understand analytical exposition text based on 8 (eight) indicators, namely finding the main idea, finding factual information, finding, references and inferences, finding vocabulary, identifying the social function, identifying the generic structure and identifying language features of analytical exposition text. The results of the research data indicate that students have difficulty in identifying the social function (56%) was categorized as high level, difficulty in identifying generic structure (54%) was categorized as medium level and difficulty language features of the text (54%) was categorized as medium level. Then, the questionnaire data showed that the students have problems in difficulty level of text, difficulty in reading interest, and lack of review material. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the second-year students of SMA Negeri 9 Pekanbaru have difficulty on reading analytical exposition text, and it is recommended for the students to learn and practice more about analytical exposition text, and for English teachers are suggested to give more detailed explanation and exercises about analytical exposition text.

DEVELOPING A SELF-PACED COURSE MODULE IN INFORMATION-FINDING AND LITERACY SKILLS FOR COURSEBASED MASTERS' STUDENTS

Academic librarians in Canada often teach information research skills and information literacy tostudents, including engineering students, via class presentations. These skills include knowledge of the diverse technical information sources available, the use of specialised databases and free search tools, and assessing and properly citing information; they are important in graduate studies and in engineering practise. Course-based masters’ students are a growing demographic in engineering, however their particular needs have not as often been targeted by librarians. In this project, we developed a graded asynchronous course module in these skills, for a new course in professional skills for M.Eng. students. It uses text, images, videos, short assignments and quizzes to follow thegeneral research and writing process for a technical report, marking a significant increase in the contact time for these skills. To date the unit has been taught twice, to over 200 students, with overall feedback being positive. We plan to continue its development and make it openlyavailable.

Using behavioral outreach to counteract administrative burden and encourage take-up of simplified disability payment rules

Take-up of employment programs among people with disabilities can be limited by the administrative burdens of decision-making, which must factor in the complexities of how work affects disability cash assistance payments. This study presents evidence on using outreach motivated by behavioral research to encourage enrollment in a pilot initiative with the Social Security Administration that simplified Social Security Disability Insurance payment rules. Because enrolling would leave some beneficiaries worse off, informed enrollment decisions required understanding both the complexities of current rules and potential effects of the new demonstration rules. We sought to counteract bottlenecks stemming from decision-making burdens through increased outreach with tailored messaging. A randomized controlled trial was used to test two features of a reminder postcard. First, we compared fold-over postcards containing information about the demonstration to open postcards with more generic information, finding that fold-over postcards increased enrollment by around 25 percent (or 0.12 percentage points). Second, we compared an urgent message framing with no stated enrollment end-date to a deadline framing with an explicit enrollment cutoff date. Although the final enrollment rate was similar across timeline framing options, the urgent framing appears to have resulted in faster enrollment.

P98 Quality Improvement Project: Improving documentation and junior doctor confidence on COVID-19 ward rounds using a ward round pro forma

Introduction. Templates and checklists have improved patient outcomes in multiple settings.1,2 There are barriers in junior doctors scribing complete entries using blank sheets; patient care might suffer due to incomplete records. This project implemented a ward round pro-forma across three wards of a tertiary hospital containing high risk COVID-19 patients, aiming to improve both documentation rates and subsequent ease in finding pertinent information. Methods. Respiratory consultants determined 11 key parameters that should be documented daily for COVID-19 patients. Baseline objective data collection analysed all high-care ward round entries (n = 15), recording parameters as present or absent. Multidisciplinary team (MDT) opinions were collected via questionnaire. The pro-forma was trialled for two-weeks; repeated subjective and objective analysis was performed. All (n = 12) inpatient notes on the COVID-19 high-care ward were analysed. Results/Discussion. Pro-forma compliance was 100%. The mean number of key parameters documented per ward round entry increased by 80%, from 5 to 9. Eleven (100%) of the key parameters showed increased completion rates (fig.1). Junior doctor confidence increased 1-Likert point: ‘average’ to ‘confident’ (fig.2). 97% of respondents (n = 31) reported the pro forma saved time. Information finding and swab tracking both increased by 1-Likert point: ‘average’ to ‘easy’ (fig.2). From a medico-legal perspective, documentation of basic information (date, time) improved by 13%. This project shows not only a 60% increase in ceiling of care documentation, but also improved ease in accessing such information. Conclusion. This pro-forma is a simple and acceptable intervention to improve documentation rates and information accessibility, giving junior doctors more confidence.