EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL JOB DEMANDS AND CONTROL ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES IN A HOSPITAL SETTING.

Purpose Research into job design and employee outcomes has tended to examine job design in isolation of the wider organizational context, leading to calls to attend to the context in which work is embedded. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the interaction between job design and psychological climate on job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Cognitive dissonance theory was used to explore the nature of this relationship and its effect on job satisfaction. The authors hypothesized that psychological climate (autonomy, competence, relatedness dimensions) augments favorable perceptions of job demands and control when there is consistency between them (augmentation effect) and compensates for unfavorable perceptions when they are inconsistent (compensation effect). Findings Analysis of data from 3,587 individuals partially supported the hypotheses. Compensation effects were observed for job demands under a high autonomy and competence climate and for job control under a low competence climate. Augmentation effects were observed for job demands under a high relatedness climate. Practical implications When designing jobs managers should take into account the effects of psychological climate on employee outcomes. Originality/value This study has offered a way to bridge the job design and psychological climate fields and demonstrated that the call for more attention to the context in which jobs are embedded is worth heeding.

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SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in a hospital setting: an individual-based modelling study

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.201895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Qimin Huang ◽

Anirban Mondal ◽

Xiaobing Jiang ◽

Mary Ann Horn ◽

Fei Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Credible Interval ◽

Hospital Unit ◽

Early Implementation ◽

Using Data ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽

Outbreak Size

Development of strategies for mitigating the severity of COVID-19 is now a top public health priority. We sought to assess strategies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital setting via the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions. We developed an individual-based model for COVID-19 transmission in a hospital setting. We calibrated the model using data of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital unit in Wuhan. The calibrated model was used to simulate different intervention scenarios and estimate the impact of different interventions on outbreak size and workday loss. The use of high-efficacy facial masks was shown to be able to reduce infection cases and workday loss by 80% (90% credible interval (CrI): 73.1–85.7%) and 87% (CrI: 80.0–92.5%), respectively. The use of social distancing alone, through reduced contacts between healthcare workers, had a marginal impact on the outbreak. Our results also indicated that a quarantine policy should be coupled with other interventions to achieve its effect. The effectiveness of all these interventions was shown to increase with their early implementation. Our analysis shows that a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital's non-COVID-19 unit can be controlled or mitigated by the use of existing non-pharmaceutical measures.

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Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in the Hospital Setting: Uncovering the Patient–Environment Interplay

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8020203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carlos L. Correa-Martinez ◽

Hauke Tönnies ◽

Neele J. Froböse ◽

Alexander Mellmann ◽

Stefanie Kampmeier

Keyword(s):

Core Genome ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽

Vancomycin Resistant ◽

And Control ◽

Sequence Types

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are relevant nosocomial pathogens with an increasing incidence in the last decades. Their transmission is optimal in the hospital setting, as it offers two potential, large reservoirs that are closely related: susceptible patients and their environment. Here we investigate the role of the hospital environment in the nosocomial transmission of VRE by establishing concrete links between contaminated surfaces and colonized/infected patients in outbreak and non-outbreak settings. Environmental and patient VRE isolates were collected between 2013 and 2019 and analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core genome (cg) MLST. Pairs of isolates differing in <3 alleles were rated as closely related, making a transmission likely. Fifty-three environmental VRE isolates were analyzed. MLST sequence types (ST) ST203 (50.0%), ST192 (21.3%), ST117 (17.3%), ST721 (8.8%), ST80 (2%), and ST1489 (0.7%) were detected, carrying the resistance determinants vanA (72.7%), vanB (24%), or both (3.3%). Of the 53 environmental isolates, 51 were found to form five clusters with genetically related patient isolates (n = 97 isolates). WGS confirms the role of the environment in the transmission dynamics of VRE in both the outbreak and non-outbreak settings, highlighting the importance of prevention and control of VRE spread.

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Core Self-Evaluations

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.96 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 96-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Geir Scott Brunborg

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Job Stress ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Job Demands ◽

Job Control ◽

Job Outcomes ◽

Southern Norway ◽

And Control ◽

Core Self ◽

Main Effects

Core self-evaluations (CSE), a personality construct underlying self-esteem, locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and neuroticism, has previously been found to relate strongly to job satisfaction. While previous research has shown relationships between personality traits and various adverse psychosocial job outcomes, no published studies have looked at the relationship between CSE and job stress. A study was conducted to test the effects of job demands, job control, and social support, as hypothesized in the job demand control support (JDCS) model, and the effect of CSE on job stress. Two hundred and twelve employees from 12 work places in southern Norway filled in a questionnaire consisting measures of job demands, job control, social support, CSE, and job stress. Initially, the results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed significant main effects of demands and control on job stress. However, when social support was included in the analysis, control was no longer significant. In addition, ANOVA showed that the two-way job demands × job control interaction effect, and the three way job demands × job control × social support interaction effect, as predicted by the JDCS model, were nonsignificant. The results showed a strong positive main effect of CSE on perceived job stress, and that CSE accounted for a large proportion of the variance in job stress. This is in accordance with studies that have shown relationships between other personality measures and job stress. The present study confirms the relevance of CSE for further research on links between personality and job stress.

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Carbapenems resistance of Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from wound swabs during 2009-2010

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1112583m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (11-12) ◽

pp. 583-587 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deana Medic ◽

Mira Mihajlovic-Ukropina ◽

Vera Gusman ◽

Zora Jelesic ◽

Biljana Milosavljevic

Keyword(s):

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Great Ability ◽

Clinical Center ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Novi Sad ◽

And Control

Introduction. Acinetobacter spp has become an important cause of nosocomial infections due to its great ability to survive and spread in a hospital setting and to develop resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to examine the resistance to carbapenems and other commonly used antibiotics in strains of Acinetobacter isolated from wound swabs. Material and Methods. In the Laboratories of Microbiology Center at the Institute for Public Health in Novi Sad wound swabs were taken from the patients hospitalized at the Institutes and Departments of the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. A total of 271 Acinetobacter spp strains were tested to susceptibility on carbapenems and other most commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method according to the recommendation of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results and Discussion. Acinetobacter spp (271 isolates) developed resistance to imipenem and meropenem (67.4% and 64.4%). The resistance to both cephalosporins III and IV generation and ciprofloxacin was 100%. The resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam was 71.4%. Conclusion. Our results show high resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter spp strains isolated from wound swabs. These facts suggest the need for continuous monitoring of susceptibility in order to take adequate measures to prevent and control spreading of resistant strains.

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Efficacy of interventions to reduce nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in English NHS Trusts in Wave 1: A computational modelling study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1030531/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Evans ◽

Peter J White ◽

Mark Wilcox ◽

Julie V Robotham

Keyword(s):

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Nosocomial Transmission ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Specialist Care ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Care Capacity ◽

And Control

Abstract Nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to place a large burden on the healthcare system through, for example, increased patient length of stay, pressure on specialist care capacity and staff shortages. In England, a number of interventions were applied in hospitals over wave 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among both hospital inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs). Using a computational modelling approach, we have estimated the combined effect of these, and other changes within the hospital setting, to determine how many nosocomial infections were averted. While highly uncertain, due primarily to important gaps in the evidence base, model results suggest that in a scenario with high occupancy, no testing, reduced infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, increased visitors, and longer patient stays, approximately 5.2% (3.9-7.2%) of all susceptible inpatients (n=140,603; 95% CI, 89,352-197,977 patients in total), and 51.1% (43.6, 55.3%) of patient-facing HCWs could have been nosocomially infected with SARS-CoV-2 over wave 1 compared with the 1.0% (0.7, 1.2%) of patients (33,922; 24,089- 41,015) and 20.3% (15.8-29.4%) of HCW observed to be nosocomially infected. The most effective interventions for prevention of nosocomial infections in patients were decreasing occupancy, increasing spacing between beds, and testing patients on admission, resulting in a reduction of 23,434 (14,544, 31,341), 10,979 (2,458, 16,979), and 9,505, (4588, 12,823) infections, respectively. Although every intervention had some impact, it was the collective impact of all interventions that demonstrated greatest effect, averting 140,603 (89,352, 197,977) infections in inpatients. In HCWs, the most effective intervention was universal mask use, with inclusion of universal masking as part of IPC measures averting 46.0% (42.9-54.5%) of infections in HCWs resulting in 17,980 (2,772-28,450) fewer infections per 100,000 patient-facing HCWs. Interventions introduced over wave 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in England reduced HCW infection rates by 51.1% (43.6-55.3%).

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Psychosocial working conditions and future sick leave and disability pension trajectories in Sweden

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.320 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

L Salonen ◽

K Alexanderson ◽

R Rugulies ◽

E Framke ◽

M Niemelä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Job Demands ◽

Well Being ◽

Job Control ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Job Exposure Matrix ◽

Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽

And Control ◽

Group Memberships

Abstract Background Psychosocial working conditions such as job demands and job control have been found to be associated with employee health and well-being, but studies on the associations with sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) are scarce. We examined 11-year SA/DP trajectories and the association between psychosocial working conditions and subsequent SA/DP trajectories in the Swedish workforce. Methods Using a prospective cohort study with microdata we explored SA/DP trajectories among female and male employees, respectively, aged 30-53 years in 2001 in Sweden (1,076,042 women; 1,102,721 men). Group-based trajectory analysis was used to model annual mean SA/DP net days trajectories in 2002-2012. Based on a Swedish Job Exposure Matrix (JEM), individuals were assigned an age-, sex- and occupation-specific mean score for demands and control, respectively. Mean scores were categorized into tertiles and categorised into 3x3 combinations of exposure categories. Using multinomial regression we predicted trajectory group memberships for the JEM. Results The highest rate of women were in occupations with low demands and control (24.8%), while the highest rate of men (22.9%) was in occupations with high demands and control. We found three SA/DP trajectories for women (low, medium, high increasing) and two for men (low, high increasing). In fully adjusted models, those in occupations with low demands and low control were at higher risk of belonging to the high increasing SA/DP trajectory compared to those in occupations with high job demands and control in both women (OR 3.86; 95% CI: 3.75-3.97) and men (OR 3.0; 2.99-3.16). Conclusions Low job demands and low job control were associated with more high increasing future SA/DP trajectories compared to high job demands and job control in both women and men. Key messages In Sweden, women are more often in occupations characterized by low job demands and low job control and men are more often in occupations with high job demands and high job control. Occupations with low job demands and low job control were associated with more adverse SA/SP trajectories compared to occupations with high job demands and high job control in both women and men.

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