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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Sarraf ◽  
Razieh Sadat Moayeri ◽  
Noushin Shokouhinejad ◽  
Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad ◽  
Roya Karimi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: PRF as one of the favorable scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment (RET), has several limitations such as the need for blood sampling and special equipment. High available commercial scaffolds such as fibrin are able to meet all the necessary requirements of dentin tissue engineering. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of PRF and fibrin gel, with and without the presence of EDTA-treated radicular dentin segments on SCAP viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation.Methods: Radicular dentin were prepared from extracted teeth and treated by EDTA 17% .The samples were divided into 6 groups: Dentin/PRF/Cell, Dentin/Fibrin/Cell, Dentin/Cell, PRF/Cell, Fibrin/Cell and Cell (Control). SCAP viability was assessed using MTT assay. Gene expression levels of odontogenic markers [Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), Dentin matrix protein 1(DMP1), Collagen type I Alpha 1(COL 1A1) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed using qrt-PCR. Cell migration were also evaluated by means of scratch test. Results: The results of MTT assay at showed that the viability of SCAP significantly increased after 7 days for both groups containing fibrin (P <0.05). The viability of SCAP seeded on Dentin/PRF and PRF significantly decreased after 7 days (P <0.001). The odontogenic markers were significantly expressed for both scaffolds in the presence of dentin segment (p<0.05). Significant decrease in scratch area was seen in Fibrin/Dentin group (p < 0.001)Conclusions:Fibrin beside EDTA-treated dentin showed great ability in survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of SCAP rather than PRF.


Author(s):  
Mahmoud Saad ◽  
Vincent Sabathier ◽  
Anaclet Turatsinze ◽  
Sandrine Geoffroy

Throughout time, the use of lignocellulosic resources has been implemented in the development of building materials. Among these resources, natural fibers are used as mineral binders reinforcement due to their specific mechanical properties. This experimental investigation focused on effect of flax and hemp fiber reinforcement on the resistance of pozzolanic-based mortars to cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage. Results were compared with polypropylene fiber reinforcement and with control mortar without fibers. The quantity of fibers added to the mortar mix were respectively 0.25% - 0.5% by mass of binder for polypropylene fibers and 0.5% - 1% by mass of binder for flax and hemp fibers. All fibers have a similar length of 12 mm. The cracking sensitivity was evaluated based on two different methods: the first consists in casting the mortar in a metal mold with stress risers whose criteria are inspired by the ASTM standards. The second consists in pouring the mortar on a brick support. In order to assess the effect of fibers on cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage, the number of cracks, total crack area and maximum crack width within the first 6 hours after casting were determined using digital image correlation (DIC). Results showed that the flax and hemp fibers were more effective in controlling restrained plastic shrinkage cracking compared to polypropylene fibers. With a natural fiber of 1% by mass of binder, maximum crack width was reduced by at least 70% relative to control mortar based specimens. Natural fibers show great ability to propensity for cracking due to restrained plastic shrinkage; so that, they could be an alternative and ecological solution for polypropylene fibers.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jianping Fan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Meiqin Wu

Handing uncertain information is one of the research focuses currently. For the sake of great ability of handing uncertain information, Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (D-S theory) has been widely used in various fields of uncertain information processing. However, when highly contradictory evidence appears, the results of the classical Dempster combination rules (DCR) can be counterintuitive. Aiming at this defect, by considering the relationship between the evidence and its own characteristics, the proposed method is a new method of conflicting evidence management based on non-extensive entropy and Lance distance in uncertain scenarios. Firstly, the Lance distance function is used to measure the degree of discrepancy and conflict between evidences, and the credibility of evidence is expressed by matrix. Introducing non-extensive entropy to measure the amount of information about evidence and express the uncertainty of evidence. Secondly, the discount coefficient of the final fusion evidence is measured by considering the credibility and uncertainty of the evidence, and the original evidence is modified by the discount coefficient. Then, the final result is obtained by evidence fusion with DCR. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method, and the utility of our work is demonstrated through an application of the active lane change to avoid obstacles to the autonomous driving of new energy vehicles. The proposed method has a better identification accuracy, reaching 0.9811.


Author(s):  
Masafumi YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Taizo Masuda ◽  
Kenji ARAKI ◽  
Yasuyuki Ota ◽  
Kensuke NISHIOKA

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV)-powered vehicles are expected to play a critical role in a future carbon neutrality society because it has been reported that the vehicle integrated PVs (VIPVs) have great ability to reduce CO2 emission from the transport sector. Development of high-efficiency solar cell modules is very important for this end. In this paper, analytical results for impact of high-efficiency solar cell modules on increases in electric vehicle (EV) driving distance, reducing CO2 emission and saving charging cost of EV powered by PV are shown. The III-V triple-junction and Si tandem solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 35% have potential of the EV driving distance of more than 30 km/day on average and more than 50 km/day on a clear day. The effects of temperature, partial shading, curved surface and color variation of solar cell modules upon output power of the VIPV are also briefly shown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Shankar ◽  
Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Manish Kumar

Background: Portage of therapeutic agents directly to the skin (cutaneous/dermal delivery) is the preferable approach in mitigating and curing a variety of skin manifestations, including itching, eczema, acne, psoriasis keratinization, and skin cancer. Dermal delivery reduces side effects associated with systemic therapy and allows maximum utilization of the available doses. Invasomes are the next generation of liposomes with greater flexibility, elasticity, and permeability through the skin than liposomes and ethosomes. Objective: This review article highlights various aspects of invasomes, including the structure and composition of invasomes, methods of preparation of invasomes, the mechanism involved in better penetration through the skin, key parameters to be considered for effective permeation, therapeutic applications of invasomes as novel drug delivery systems, and future development and challenges. Methods: The authors have reviewed various primary and secondary sources, including PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, INFORMA, and patents.com, to collect information on various aspects of invasomes. Results and Conclusion: Invasomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems that have been used for dermal delivery of drugs for various therapeutic applications. These novel carriers have great ability, and their properties can be highly modulated by varying their composition and concentration of terpenes. Based on all the research reports gathered, it is well proven that these systems have a much higher potential for delivering drugs for skin manifestations and could expand the opportunities for treating various dermatological issues, increasing day by day.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Ahmed Abu El Qassem Mahmoud ◽  
Ayman S Mohamed ◽  
Sohair R Fahmy ◽  
Amel Mahmoud Soliman ◽  
Khadiga Gaafar

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem in the world. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposed great intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide biopolymer with a great ability to lower hyperglycemia, and ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin with strong antioxidant activity. Objective: The present study aimed to estimate AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite (Ag-NCs) anti-diabetic properties in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Method: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic, and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer at PH 4.5 (0.1 mol/L, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1 diabetes and the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic group was treated orally with Ag-NCs (0.25 mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Results: AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, LDL, and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT. At the same time, it caused a general increase in insulin, albumin, TB, TC, TG, HDL, CAT, SOD, and GSH levels. The histopathological investigation illustrated regeneration of damaged pancreatic beta cells and a clear improvement in the hepatic architecture. Conclusion: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic complications in the liver involved two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of AgNPs, chitosan, and ascorbic acid.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mathil K. Thamer ◽  
Raoudha Zine

We have studied one of the most common distributions, namely, Lindley distribution, which is an important continuous mixed distribution with great ability to represent different systems. We studied this distribution with three parameters because of its high flexibility in modelling life data. The parameters were estimated by five different methods, namely, maximum likelihood estimation, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, maximum product of spacing, and Cramér-von Mises. Simulation experiments were performed with different sample sizes and different parameter values. The different methods were compared on the generated data by mean square error and mean absolute error. In addition, we compared the methods for real data, which represent COVID-19 data in Iraq/Anbar Province.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Julia Emiliani ◽  
Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce ◽  
Lucas M. Salvatierra ◽  
Luís A. B. Novo ◽  
Leonardo M. Pérez

Free-living macrophytes play an important role in the health of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the use of aquatic plants as metal biomonitors may be a suitable tool for the management of freshwater reservoirs. Hence, in this study, we assessed the effects of cadmium (Cd) in Salvinia biloba specimens collected from the Middle Paraná River during a 10-day experiment employing artificially contaminated water (100 μM Cd). S. biloba demonstrated a great ability for Cd bioaccumulation in both the root-like modified fronds (named “roots”) and the aerial leaf-like fronds (named “leaves”) of the plants. Additionally, Cd toxicity was determined by the quantification of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids), flavonoids, and soluble carbohydrate contents in S. biloba over time (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days). In general, deterioration was more pronounced in leaves than in roots, suggesting a greater implication of the former in long-term Cd sequestration in S. biloba. Deleterious effects in the appraised parameters were well correlated with the total amount of Cd accumulated in the leaves, and with the qualitative changes observed in the plants’ phenotype during the 10-day metal exposure assay. The flavonoids and carotenoids in leaves were highly affected by low Cd levels followed by root carbohydrates. In contrast, chlorophylls and root flavonoids were the least impacted physiological parameters. Therefore, our results demonstrate that S. biloba displays dissimilar organ-linked physiological responses to counteract Cd phytotoxicity and that these responses are also time-dependent. Though further research is needed, our work suggests that easy-handled physiological data obtained from autochthonous free-floating S. biloba specimens may be used as a valuable tool for metal-polluted water biomonitoring.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4257
Author(s):  
Sol Lee Park ◽  
Jang Yeon Cho ◽  
Su Hyun Kim ◽  
Shashi Kant Bhatia ◽  
Ranjit Gurav ◽  
...  

Having the advantage of eco-friendly decomposition, bioplastics could be used to replace petroleum-based plastics. In particular, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is one of the most commercialized bioplastics, however, necessitating the introduction of PHB-degrading bacteria for its effective disposal. In this study, Microbulbifer sp. SOL66 (94.18% 16S rRNA with similarity to Microbulbifer hydrolyticus) demonstrated the highest degradation activity among five newly screened Microbulbifer genus strains. Microbulbifer sp. SOL66 showed a rapid degradation yield, reaching 98% in 4 days, as monitored by laboratory scale, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The PHB film was completely degraded within 7 days at 37 °C in the presence of 3% NaCl. When 1% xylose and 0.4% ammonium sulfate were added, the degradation activity increased by 17% and 24%, respectively. In addition, this strain showed biodegradability on pellets of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), as confirmed by weight loss and physical property changes. We confirmed that Microbulbifer sp. SOL66 has a great ability to degrade PHB, and has rarely been reported to date.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloua Biyada ◽  
Mohammed Merzouki ◽  
Taisija Dėmčėnko ◽  
Dovilė Vasiliauskienė ◽  
Rūta Ivanec-Goranina ◽  
...  

AbstractComposting is a promising source of mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms directly involved in the decay of organic matter. However, there is a paucity of information related to bacterial and fungal diversity in compost and their enzymatic activities during the composting process. In this work, bacterial and fungal diversity during the mesophilic and thermophilic phases of textile waste composting was investigated as a way to explain the physical–chemical results obtained during the composting process. This was accomplished using a next-generation sequencing approach that targets either the 16S rRNA or ITS genomic regions of bacteria and fungi, respectively. It was observed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla present at the mesophilic phase but not at the thermophilic one. Composting textile waste exhibits a sustained thermophilic profile (above 55 °C) that usually precludes fungal activity. Nonetheless, the presence of fungi at the thermophilic phase was observed. Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the most dominant phyla during both composting phases. Such thermophilic fungi with great ability to decay organic matter could be isolated as pure cultures and used for the bioaugmentation of textile waste composting to achieve an advanced maturity level of textile waste compost.


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