The Psychological Examination of Conscientious Objectors.

1920 ◽  
Vol 17 (25) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Mark A. May
1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1219
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Winstead

Author(s):  
Elena V. Katamanova ◽  
Elena N. Korchuganova ◽  
Natalia V. Slivnitsyna ◽  
Irina V. Kudaeva ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman

Introduction. Despite the apparent connection of the existing neurological disorders and changes in the psycho-emotional sphere with sleep disorders in patients with chronic mercury intoxication (CRI), these relationships remain the least studied in the clinic neurointoxications. The study aimed to establish a connection between neurophysiological, biochemical, and psychopathological indicators in patients with occupational chronic mercury intoxication and insomnia. Materials and methods. Thirty-six patients took part in the examination in the remote period of CRI. The average age of patients in this group was 50.7±1.05 years, with an average work experience of 14.7±1.05. The authors carried out a psychological examination to determine the levels of depression, anxiety, asthenic state, computed electroencephalography (EEG), cognitive evoked potentials (CEP), polysomnography, the level of neurotransmitters. Results. The study showed that asthenization, when exposed to mercury, occurs due to a decrease in the limbic-hypothalamo-reticular complex activity (the presence of equivalent dipole sources of pathological activity in the area of diencephalic formations (thalamus, hypothalamus) in 56.2±5.6% of cases. The study showed a decrease in activity cerebral cortex, confirmed by weakening the coherent connections of the α-range in the occipital, central and frontal leads according to the data of coherent EEG analysis and changes on the part of the CEP. There was a direct correlation between the level of total sleep time and the serotonin level (rs=0.45), an inverse relationship between the level of depression and histamine level (rs=-0.56). Conclusion. The studies carried out to make it possible to establish the mechanisms of insomnia disorders in chronic mercury intoxication, which cause a weakening of the tone of the cerebral cortex and changes in neurotransmitter metabolism, as well as disorders of the reticular system with limbic structures. The study showed a close direct relationship between neurophysiological, psychological, and biochemical parameters in implementing insomnia in patients with chronic mercury intoxication.


Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-144

The Article concerns the legal issues, connected with the situation, when a person (or group of people) disobey requirements of the Law or other State regulations on the basis of religious or nonreligious belief. The Author analyses almost all related issues – whether imposing certain obligation on individuals, to which the individual has a conscientious objection based on his/her religious beliefs, always represents interference with his/her religion rights, and if it does, then what is subject of the interference – forum integrum or forum externum; whether neutral regulation, which does not refer to religion issues at all, could ever be regarded as interference into someone’s religious rights; whether opinion or belief, on which the individual’s objection and the corresponding conduct is based, must necesserily represent the clear “manifest” of the same religion or belief in order to gain legal protection; what is regarded as “manifest” of the religion or other belief in general and whether a close and direct link must exist between personal conduct and requirements of the religious or nonreligious belief; what are the criteria of the “legitimacy” of the belief; to what extent the following factors should be taken into consideration : whether the personal conduct of the individual represents the official requirements of corresponding religion or belief, what is the burden which was imposed on the believer’s religious or moral feelings by the State regulation, also, proportionality and degree of sincerity of the individual who thinks that his disobidience to the Law is required by his/her religious of philosofical belief. The effects (direct or non direct) of the nonfulfilment of the law requirement (legal responsibility, lost of the job, certain discomfort, etc..) are relevant factors as well. By the Author, all these circumstances and factors are essencial while estimating, whether it arises, actually, a real necessity and relevant obligation before a state for making some exemptions from the law to the benefi t of the conscientious objectors, in cases, if to predict such an objection was possible at all. So, the issues are discussed in the prism of the negative and positive obligations of a State. Corresponding precedents of the US Supreme Court and European Human Rights Court have been presented and analysed comparatively by the Author in the Article. The Article contains an important resume, in which the main points, principal issues and conclusion remarks are delivered. The Author shows, that due analysis of the legal aspects typical to “Conscientious objection” is very important for deep understanding religious rights, not absolute ones, and facilitates finding a correct answer on the question – how far do their boundaries go?


2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225-2228
Author(s):  
Bogdan Virgil Cotoi ◽  
Nikolaos Mavritsakis ◽  
Anca Ganescu ◽  
Elena Ionescu

C: I: Parhon and his colleagues have drawn attention to the existence of psychic disorders, especially manic-depressive and delusional, in a range of endocrine disorders such as acromegaly, gigantism, adipose-genital dystrophy, highlighting the aggressiveness of patients with acromegaly. A number of clinical trials have shown that pituitary dysfunction can be associated with schizophrenia and even epilepsy. In this study, 19 patients were diagnosed with acromegaly following STH dosing, resulting in values higher than the upper limit (ie above 5 ng / mL in men or over 10 ng / mL in females). These patients had complete neurological examination, electroencephalogram, psychological examination, and the Hamilton depression scale.


1944 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 489-495
Author(s):  
WILEY S. GARRETT

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