Anti-Corruption Education Model in Islamic Universities

Anti-corruption education in Islamic religious colleges aims to provide students with sufficient knowledge about the ins and outs of corruption and its eradication and instill anti-corruption values. This descriptive qualitative research with the literature study method examines various reference books, state regulations, and journals relevant to the research topic. This study captures and describes the concepts and models of anti-corruption education management in religious colleges. The student anti-corruption movement is expected to appear at the front as a driving force. Students are supported by their basic competencies: intelligence, critical thinking skills, and the courage to state the truth. This study found that there are three models of anti-corruption education at PTKI (religious universities) in Indonesia, namely 1) integrated anti-corruption education in courses, 2) integrated anti-corruption education in student activities, and 3) cultural habituation and anti-corruption character in the academic community.

The time–space tactics of Chinese Buddhist and Taoist believers under state–religion tension

This study explores the experience of elderly rural Buddhist and Taoist believers in communist China where the ruling party has maintained decades-long regulatory control over religion. Based on ethnographic observation and oral histories, the analysis begins with how the actors made sense of and coped in their relationship with the state during the fieldwork period (May–June 2020) when state regulations restricted public religious practice because of COVID-19. The analysis then looks back on how practitioners experienced tightening state ideological control from the early 2010s to before COVID-19; further back at the religious revival during the opening and reform (1980s–2010s); and finally, the Cultural Revolution period (1960s–70s) when strict atheistic measures were imposed. Their narratives reveal the practical logic (habitus) which practitioners used to mediate their resistance against and compromise with the authoritarian state. Specifically, four logical modes that involve actors’ different time–space tactics were identified, namely state–religion disengagement, state–religion enhancement, religious (dis)enlightenment, and karma. The implications of these ostensibly conflicting modes of thinking in mediating the actors’ resistance–compliance interface in contemporary China are discussed.

State Variation in Potentially Burdensome Transitions among Assisted Living Residents at End of Life

Little is known about the quality of end-of-life care in assisted living (AL), particularly transitions at end of life. This study aims to provide a first national look at potentially burdensome transitions at end of life among AL residents and to examine how those vary by state. This is a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries who died in 2018 and resided at a validated 9-digit ZIP code for an AL with 25 or more beds4 on the 120th day before death (N=37,668). Three types of potentially burdensome transitions were considered: 1) healthcare transitions during last 3 days of life, 2) three or more all-cause hospitalizations during the last 90 days of life, and 3) two or more hospitalizations for urinary tract infections, sepsis, pneumonia, and dehydration during last 120 days of life. Hospitalizations and decedents’ locations were obtained from multiple administrative claims records. Out of the 37,668 AL decedents, 7,015 (18.6%, 95% CI: 18.2%-19.0%) experienced at least one potentially burdensome transition. States varied widely in the rate of burdensome transitions, ranging from 30.9% in North Dakota to 8.9% in Wyoming. Our results support quality concerns for end-of-life care among AL residents. Future studies are needed to explain state variation and how it relates to factors such as residents’ co-morbidities, end-of-life care practices in AL, and state regulations. This study had two limitations. First, multiple hospitalizations for Medicare Advantage beneficiaries might be under-reported. Second, the results are not generalizable to persons in ALs with fewer than 25 beds.

The Role of Secondary Resource Market in the Development of the Extended Producer Responsibility Mechanism in Russia

The paper is aimed at the evaluation of current state of secondary resource market in Russia and the determination of factors of their influence on the extended producer responsibility (EPR). Research objectives include scientific justification of directions for the improvement of solid waste management handling process in the Russian regions in order to provide the support for manufactories and importers performing the extended producer responsibility activities. GAP-analysis was used as a method of obtaining the systematic results on the basis of the information received about the current state of the Russian secondary resource market according to various criteria, including the product quality, processing methods, communication between producers and consumers, and state regulations. Research is executed on the grounds of collaborative use of positivistic and phenomenological approaches, where the findings are based on the comparison of experts’ opinions on the factors influencing the development of EPR mechanism, and statistics of the financial performance of main players of the Russian secondary resource market. As a scientific novelty, it is proposed to use the development of secondary resource market for enhancing of EPR mechanism in Russia. The study reveals that successful functioning of the extended producer responsibility mechanism depends not only on business representatives involved in the production of goods and packaging, but also on consumers and on the state authorities.

Family as a Redistributive Principle of the Welfare State. The Case of Germany

Family is one of the major principles of welfare state redistribution. It has, however, rarely been at the centre of welfare state research. This contribution intends to help remedy the research gap in family-related redistribution. By examining the German welfare state which is known to be both redistributive and family-oriented, we want to answer the question of how and how far the German welfare state institutionalises family as a redistributive principle. Our case-study of German welfare state regulations in terms of family is based on the tax-benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD and its Hypothetical Household Tool (HHoT). We differentiate 54 family forms to adequately reflect our three theoretical assumptions, which are: (1) redistributive logics differ across family forms, and in part markedly; (2) these differences are not the result of one coherent set of regulations, but of an interplay of partially contradictory regulations; (3) family as a redistributive principle manifests itself not only in terms of additional benefits to families, but also in terms of particular obligations of families to financially support family members before they are entitled to public support. These aspects have hardly been analysed before and combining them allows a clear evaluation of family-related redistribution.

ECONOMIC GROWTH: HISTORICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT

The article deals with the features of the socio-economic development of Russia, the issues of state intervention in the economy. Based on the analysis of the historical development of the post-socialist transition countries, it is shown that different countries with transit economies are characterized by special trajectories of entrepreneurship development. The importance of ethical, cultural and institutional factors in the implementation of entrepreneurship, the important role of traditions of economic behavior that explain the specifics of the longterm development trajectory of Russia is emphasized. For the countries of the post-socialist transition, the possibility of ensuring sustainable economic growth is determined by the different civilizational history at the previous stages of development and the need to form a modern institutional environment that promotes socioeconomic changes. In many ways, the factors influencing economic growth are the low level of innovation activity and competitiveness, as well as the growing influence of the state on the economy, the increase in its share due to the growth in the number and scale of state-owned companies, which limits the potential of Russian entrepreneurs within the framework of the domestic market. The main challenge to overcome dependence on previous development trajectories and prospects for long-term economic growth will be the formation of entrenched political institutions of civil society, guarantees of property rights, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, freedom of trade and the absence of strict state regulations.

Understanding Federal Law and State Regulations Relevant to School Social Work

This chapter discusses the interconnectedness between education policy and practice and provides an overview of historical and emerging policies vital to school social work practice. The chapter covers milestones such the Brown v. Board of Education case, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, Title XI of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, and the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act of 1987. New and emerging policies, including gender and LGBTQ+ rights, social-emotional learning standards, mental health supports, and restorative discipline are explored. Finally, given the elevation of virtual schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic, the chapter highlights emerging policies around technology, privacy, and confidentiality.

On The Dynamics of Interstate Diffusion of Firearm Violence and Impact of Firearm Regulations

Objectives : Our purpose was to test the impact of firearm regulations on the firearm violence flow across US state borders. Further we assessed the spatial variations in these impacts across different regions with the goal of identifying state groups that are especially vulnerable to cross-border firearm violence. Methods : Incidence of firearm violence (2000 to 2017) has been modelled as an inhomogeneous diffusion process whose parameters depend on state firearm regulations. Firearm regulations measurement for a state accounted for all 14 law categories across 54 states since 1991 as per State Firearm Law Database. The effects of regulations and other covariates were estimated across all states. Results : Six clusters of states were identified based on the variations of effects within and across those clusters. For 3 of these clusters the diffusive flow parameters were statistically significant. In all of these clusters the deterring effect of regulations on incidence and flow of crime was statistically significant. Conclusion : The clusters can be assigned to 5 descriptive categories based on their roles in the flow of firearm violence : Source states, Transitive states, Destination states, Isolated issue states and Stable . It was found that flow of firearm violence indeed does follow a diffusive process for most categories of states. It has also been recommended that while in-state regulations are important to curb firearm violence flowing into Destination states, they are not adequate unless regulatory stringency is also applied to neighbouring Source and Transitive States.