Determining English Language Learners' Response to Intervention: Questions and Some Answers

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Linan-Thompson ◽  
Paul T. Cirino ◽  
Sharon Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Not At Risk

Using an extant database, we examined three grade 1 criteria for identifying response to intervention (RTI) in English language learners (ELLs): (a) set benchmark criteria with a standard score above 95 (37th %ile) on both decoding and comprehension measures and a raw score of 40 or more correct words per minute (CWPM) on oral reading fluency; (b) discrepancy benchmark criteria, with performance on these measures at or above the mean of not-at-risk peers; and (c) discrepancy slope criteria, with growth during grade 1 on these measures at or above the mean of not-at-risk peers. The sample consisted of 81 students (41 intervention, 40 comparison) who were bilingual (Spanish/English) and were part of a supplemental reading instruction study during first grade. The three grade 1 criteria were evaluated in relation to a set benchmark criteria in grade 2. Results indicated that approximately 80% of the students did not meet any criteria in either year, but that the discrepancy slope criteria in grade 1 were most predictive of set benchmark criteria in grade 2. Recognizing that we applied highly stringent criteria, implications and issues are presented related to using RTI with ELLs to facilitate decision making about further intervention and referral for special education.

Promises and Cautions regarding Using Response to Intervention with English Language Learners

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Haager
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Key Points

This article provides a commentary on issues regarding the use of response to intervention (RTI) with English language learners (ELLs). The commentary draws on current literature on reading instruction, ELLs, RTI, and students with learning disabilities and highlights key points from the articles in this special issue. The discussion includes future directions for research.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Spanish and English Interventions for First-Grade English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Paul T. Cirino ◽  
Tammy Tolar ◽  
Jack M. Fletcher ◽  
Elsa Cardenas-Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Reading Problems ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Effectiveness of Spanish Intervention for First-Grade English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Difficulties

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Sylvia Linan-Thompson ◽  
Patricia G. Mathes ◽  
Paul T. Cirino ◽  
Coleen D. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
First Grade

Effectiveness of an English Intervention for First‐Grade English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Problems

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Patricia Mathes ◽  
Sylvia Linan‐Thompson ◽  
Paul Cirino ◽  
Coleen Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Reading Problems

The Response to Intervention of English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Problems

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Linan-Thompson ◽  
Sharon Vaughn ◽  
Kathryn Prater ◽  
Paul T. Cirino
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reading Problems

Moving from Professional Development to Real-Time Use

2014 ◽  
pp. 2043-2067
Author(s):  
Meghan Morris Deyoe ◽  
Dianna L. Newman ◽  
Kristie Asaro-Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
At Risk ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Content ◽  
Use Of Technology

This chapter demonstrates the importance of teacher training in the use of technology in literacy instruction by focusing on the need to update current teachers' skills and practice. In the setting described, the emphasis was on the transfer of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) strategies, learned via in-service professional development, to program classrooms supplied with twenty-first century technology in a high needs setting for at-risk students in grades 3-9. In addition to the general at-risk setting, specific literacy-related affective and cognitive learning outcomes are noted for students with disabilities and for English language learners. Program findings indicate the benefits of continuous professional development and embedded training along with embedded implementation of technology within pedagogical and content literacy instruction. Positive literacy-related cognitive results are noted for all students enrolled in the program classrooms; data for students with disabilities and English Language Learners (ELLs) also reveals potential benefits.

English Language Learners and the Response to Intervention Model

2015 ◽  
pp. 198-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Christine Higgins
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
English Language ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Speech And Language Impairment ◽  
Rti Model ◽  
Research Based Interventions

English language learners (ELLs) are often misdiagnosed as having a learning disability or speech and language impairment and as a result are placed into special education programs. Response to Intervention (RTI) is a framework that can reduce this misdiagnosis and help these learners achieve more over time. This chapter explains how some of this misdiagnosis occurs and how to use Response to Intervention with the ELL population to overcome this problem. It includes research-based interventions proven to work for this population, suggestions on how to implement an RTI model, and case studies of students who represent situations that often come up in the field. With successful implementation of an RTI program, it is hoped that all students will receive the targeted support that they need and deserve.

Jen's Story

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yin Wong ◽  
Wendy A. Harriott
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Gifted And Talented ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Grade Teacher ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Talented Students

This chapter describes the experiences of a first grade teacher who was classified as gifted and talented during her school years. Currently, she teaches classes with a diverse group of students (e.g., English language learners, gifted and talented students). Adopting a qualitative case study method, the authors conducted an in-depth interview with the teacher and share her story related to how her giftedness affects and enhances her professional work as an educator. Further, this chapter illustrates the teacher's story related to her personal interactions and relationships. Finally, based on the literature, implications for other educators who are gifted and talented are discussed.

Are Reading Interventions for English Language Learners Effective? A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caralyn Ludwig ◽  
Kan Guo ◽  
George K. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Positive Effects

Despite concerted efforts to improve the reading skills of English language learners (ELLs), it remains unclear if the interventions they have been receiving produce any positive results. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine how effective reading interventions are in improving ELLs’ reading skills and what factors may influence their effectiveness. Twenty-six studies with reported outcomes for pretest and posttest were selected, and four moderators (group size, intensity of intervention, students’ risk status, and type of intervention) were coded. The results of random-effects analyses showed that the reading interventions had a large effect on ELLs’ reading accuracy ( d = 1.221) and reading fluency ( d = 0.802) and a moderate effect on reading comprehension ( d = 0.499). In addition, for real-word reading accuracy, intervention groups composed of more than five students were less effective than groups composed of two to five students, and longer intervention sessions were less effective than shorter ones. Overall, our findings suggest that reading interventions have positive effects on ELLs’ reading skills, and they should not be delayed until these students have reached a certain level of oral English proficiency.

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