Mean Response Times in Accessing a Time-Sharing Computer

OR ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
C. E. Montagnon
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Time Sharing

Response times in M/M/1 time-sharing schemes with limited number of service positions

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Avi-Itzhak ◽  
Shlomo Halfin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Laplace Transforms ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Time Variance ◽  
Waiting Line ◽  
Time Sharing System

Two service schemes for an M/M/1 time-sharing system with a limited number of service positions are studied. Both schemes possess the equilibrium properties of symmetric queues; however, in the first one, a preempted job is placed at the end of the waiting line; while in the second one, it is placed at the head of the line. Methods for calculating the Laplace transforms and moments of the response times are presented. The variances of the response times are then compared numerically to indicate that the first scheme is superior to the second scheme. It is also indicated that in both cases the response time variance decreases when the number of service positions increases.

Mean Response Times in Accessing a Time-Sharing Computer

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Montagnon
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Time Sharing

On the Psychological Importance of Time in a Time Sharing System

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime R. Carbonell ◽  
Jerome I. Elkind ◽  
Raymond S. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Dynamical Characteristics ◽  
Concurrent Tasks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Sharing System

One of the most important problems in the design and/or operation of a computer utility is to obtain dynamical characteristics that are acceptable and convenient to the on-line user. This paper is concerned with the problems of access to the computer utility, response time and its effect upon conversational use of the computer, and the effects of load on the system. Primary attention is placed upon response time; rather than a single measure, a set of response times should be measured in a given computer utility, in correspondence to the different types of operations requested. It is assumed that the psychological value of short response time stems from a subjective cost measure of the user's own time, largely influenced by the value of concurrent tasks being postponed. A measure of cost (to the individual and/or his organization) of the time-on-line required to perform a task might thus be derived. More subtle is the problem of the user's acceptability of given response times. This acceptability is a function of the service requested (e.g., length of computation), and variability with respect to expectations due both to uncertainty in the user's estimation and to variations in the response time originated by variable loads on the system. An effort should be made by computer-utility designers to include dynamic characteristics (such as prediction of loads and their effects) among their design specifications.

Response times in M/M/1 time-sharing schemes with limited number of service positions

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Avi-Itzhak ◽  
Shlomo Halfin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Laplace Transforms ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Time Variance ◽  
Waiting Line ◽  
Time Sharing System

Two service schemes for an M/M/1 time-sharing system with a limited number of service positions are studied. Both schemes possess the equilibrium properties of symmetric queues; however, in the first one, a preempted job is placed at the end of the waiting line; while in the second one, it is placed at the head of the line. Methods for calculating the Laplace transforms and moments of the response times are presented. The variances of the response times are then compared numerically to indicate that the first scheme is superior to the second scheme. It is also indicated that in both cases the response time variance decreases when the number of service positions increases.

Nanostructure of semiconductor quantum dots in a borosilicate glass matrix by complementary use of HREM and AEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-729
Author(s):  
M.J. Kim ◽  
L.C. Liu ◽  
S.H. Risbud ◽  
R.W. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

When the size of a semiconductor is reduced by an appropriate materials processing technique to a dimension less than about twice the radius of an exciton in the bulk crystal, the band like structure of the semiconductor gives way to discrete molecular orbital electronic states. Clusters of semiconductors in a size regime lower than 2R {where R is the exciton Bohr radius; e.g. 3 nm for CdS and 7.3 nm for CdTe) are called Quantum Dots (QD) because they confine optically excited electron- hole pairs (excitons) in all three spatial dimensions. Structures based on QD are of great interest because of fast response times and non-linearity in optical switching applications.In this paper we report the first HREM analysis of the size and structure of CdTe and CdS QD formed by precipitation from a modified borosilicate glass matrix. The glass melts were quenched by pouring on brass plates, and then annealed to relieve internal stresses. QD precipitate particles were formed during subsequent "striking" heat treatments above the glass crystallization temperature, which was determined by differential thermal analysis.

Compact and efficient gas diffusion electrodes based on nanoporous alumina membranes for microfuel cells and gas sensors

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda V. Fernandez ◽  
Rocío T. Tosello ◽  
José L. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Nanoporous Alumina ◽  
Alumina Membranes ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Microfuel Cells

Gas diffusion electrodes based on nanoporous alumina membranes electrocatalyze hydrogen oxidation at high diffusion-limiting current densities with fast response times.

The S-SH Confusion Test and the Effects of Frequency Lowering

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1486-1505
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Compression ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Minimal Word ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Negative Side Effects

PurposeFrequency lowering in hearing aids can cause listeners to perceive [s] as [ʃ]. The S-SH Confusion Test, which consists of 66 minimal word pairs spoken by 6 female talkers, was designed to help clinicians and researchers document these negative side effects. This study's purpose was to use this new test to evaluate the hypothesis that these confusions will increase to the extent that low frequencies are altered.MethodTwenty-one listeners with normal hearing were each tested on 7 conditions. Three were control conditions that were low-pass filtered at 3.3, 5.0, and 9.1 kHz. Four conditions were processed with nonlinear frequency compression (NFC): 2 had a 3.3-kHz maximum audible output frequency (MAOF), with a start frequency (SF) of 1.6 or 2.2 kHz; 2 had a 5.0-kHz MAOF, with an SF of 1.6 or 4.0 kHz. Listeners' responses were analyzed using concepts from signal detection theory. Response times were also collected as a measure of cognitive processing.ResultsOverall, [s] for [ʃ] confusions were minimal. As predicted, [ʃ] for [s] confusions increased for NFC conditions with a lower versus higher MAOF and with a lower versus higher SF. Response times for trials with correct [s] responses were shortest for the 9.1-kHz control and increased for the 5.0- and 3.3-kHz controls. NFC response times were also significantly longer as MAOF and SF decreased. The NFC condition with the highest MAOF and SF had statistically shorter response times than its control condition, indicating that, under some circumstances, NFC may ease cognitive processing.ConclusionsLarge differences in the S-SH Confusion Test across frequency-lowering conditions show that it can be used to document a major negative side effect associated with frequency lowering. Smaller but significant differences in response times for correct [s] trials indicate that NFC can help or hinder cognitive processing, depending on its settings.

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