Subjective Awareness of Stereotyping: Do We Know When Our Judgments are Prejudiced?

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hepburn ◽  
Anne Locksley
Keyword(s):  
1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (108) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome B. Johnson

AbstractFactors which control the audibility within and outside deposited snow are described and applied to explain the preferential detection of sound by persons buried under avalanche debris as compared to persons on the overlying snow surface. Strong attenuation of acoustic waves in snow and the small acoustic impedance differences between snow and air are responsible for the strong absorption and transmission-loss characteristics that are observed for snow. The absorption and transmission-loss characteristics are independent of the direction of propagation of acoustic signals through the snow. The preferential detection of sound by a person buried under snow can be explained by the relatively higher level of background acoustic noise that exists for persons above the snow surface as compared to an avalanche burial victim. This noise masks sound transmitted to persons on the snow surface, causing a reduction of hearing senstitivity as compared to the burial victim. Additionally, the listening concentration of a buried individual is generally greater than for persons working on the snow surface, increasing their subjective awareness of sound.


2012 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alford ◽  
Jennifer Hamilton-Morris ◽  
Joris C. Verster

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Smith

Decisions regarding whether an item has been previously encountered are typically accompanied by one of two distinct forms of subjective awareness: either a general sense of familiarity, or conscious recollection of specific details from a prior study episode. To examine the neurophysiological concomitants of these different types of internal experience, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while subjects engaged in a modified recognition memory procedure that required them to describe their subjective response during each testtrial. Stimuli that evoked recollection were accompanied by waveforms distinct from those that evoked only a sense of familiarity, and waveforms for both categories of correctly classified old items differed from correctly rejected distractor items and incorrectly classified (missed) studied items. These ERP responses are interpreted with respect to current knowledge concerning the neural structures and processes intimately involved in the capacity to engage in recollection.


F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Denise Prochnow ◽  
Sascha Brunheim ◽  
Hannes Kossack ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Hans J. Markowitsch ◽  
...  

Socially-relevant decisions are based on clearly recognizable but also not consciously accessible affective stimuli. We studied the role of the dorsolateral frontal cortex (DLFC) in decision-making on masked affect expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Our paradigm permitted us to capture brain activity during a pre-decision phase when the subjects viewed emotional expressions below the threshold of subjective awareness, and during the decision phase, which was based on verbal descriptions as the choice criterion. Using meta-analytic connectivity modeling, we found that the preparatory phase of the decision was associated with activity in a right-posterior portion of the DLFC featuring co-activations in the left-inferior frontal cortex. During the subsequent decision a right-anterior and more dorsal portion of the DLFC became activated, exhibiting a different co-activation pattern. These results provide evidence for partially independent sub-regions within the DLFC, supporting the notion of dual associative processes in intuitive judgments.


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