Long‐term growth dynamics of natural forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Umeki ◽  
Kihachiro Kikuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals Development of single-cell-level microfluidic technology for long-term growth visualization of living cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Gloria M. Conover ◽  
Song-I Han ◽  
James C. Sacchettini ◽  
Arum Han
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Phenotype

AbstractAnalysis of growth and death kinetics at single-cell resolution is a key step in understanding the complexity of the nonreplicating growth phenotype of the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we developed a single-cell-resolution microfluidic mycobacterial culture device that allows time-lapse microscopy-based long-term phenotypic visualization of the live replication dynamics of mycobacteria. This technology was successfully applied to monitor the real-time growth dynamics of the fast-growing model strain Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) while subjected to drug treatment regimens during continuous culture for 48 h inside the microfluidic device. A clear morphological change leading to significant swelling at the poles of the bacterial membrane was observed during drug treatment. In addition, a small subpopulation of cells surviving treatment by frontline antibiotics was observed to recover and achieve robust replicative growth once regular culture media was provided, suggesting the possibility of identifying and isolating nonreplicative mycobacteria. This device is a simple, easy-to-use, and low-cost solution for studying the single-cell phenotype and growth dynamics of mycobacteria, especially during drug treatment.

scholarly journals Maintenance of long-term experiments for unique insights into forest growth dynamics and trends: review and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
Miren del Río ◽  
Peter Biber ◽  
Catia Arcangeli ◽  
Kamil Bielak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Long Term Experiments

Long-term nitrogen compound removal trends of a hybrid subsurface constructed wetland treating milking parlor wastewater throughout its 7 years of operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Harada ◽  
T. Inoue ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
H. Izumoto ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Nitrogen Compound ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Transformation Mechanisms ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Northern Japan

This study evaluated the nitrogen compound removal efficiency of a hybrid subsurface constructed wetland, which began treating milking parlor wastewater in Hokkaido, northern Japan, in 2006. The wetland's overall removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium (NH4+-N) improved after the second year of operation, and its rate of organic nitrogen (Org-N) removal was stable at 90% efficiency. Only nitrate (NO3−-N) levels were increased following the treatment. Despite increased NO3−-N (maximum of 3 mg-N/L) levels, TN removal rates were only slightly affected. Removal rates of TN and Org-N were highest in the first vertical bed. NH4+-N removal rates were highest in the second vertical bed, presumably due to water recirculation and pH adjustment. Concentrations of NO3−-N appeared when total carbon (TC) levels were low, which suggests that low TC prevented complete denitrification in the second vertical bed and the final horizontal bed. In practice, the beds removed more nitrogen than the amount theoretically removed by denitrification, as calculated by the amount of carbon removed from the system. This carbon-nitrogen imbalance may be due to other nitrogen transformation mechanisms, which require less carbon.

scholarly journals Comparison of vulnerability to catastrophic wind between Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests in northern Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Morimoto ◽  
Kosuke Nakagawa ◽  
Kohei T Takano ◽  
Masahiro Aiba ◽  
Michio Oguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Coniferous Plantation ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Northern Japan

Abstract The risk of extreme events due to weather and climate change, such as winds of unprecedented magnitude, is predicted to increase throughout this century. Artificial ecosystems, such as coniferous plantation forests, can suffer irreversible deterioration due to even a slight change in environmental conditions. However, few studies have examined the effects of converting natural forests to plantations on their vulnerability to catastrophic winds. By modelling the 2004 windthrow event of Typhoon Songda in northern Japan using the random forest machine learning method, we answered two questions: do Abies plantation forests and natural mixed forests differ in their vulnerability to strong winds and how do winds, topography and forest structure affect their vulnerability. Our results show that Abies plantation forests are more vulnerable to catastrophic wind than natural mixed forests under most conditions. However, the windthrow process was common to both types of forests, and the behaviour of wind inside the forests may determine the windthrow probability. Future management options for adapting to climate change were proposed based on these findings, including modifications of plantation forest structure to reduce windthrow risk and reconversion of plantations to natural forests.

Long-term forest utilization can decrease forest floor microhabitat diversity: evidence from boreal Fennoscandia

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kuuluvainen ◽  
Raija Laiho
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Vegetation Zone ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Utilization

Forest floor microhabitat diversity was studied in old Pinus sylvestris L. dominated forest sites in two regions within the middle boreal vegetation zone in Fennoscandia: in 50 managed forest sites in the Häme region in southwestern Finland and in 45 natural or old selectively logged forest sites in the Kuhmo–Viena region in northeastern Finland and northwestern Russia. The forests in the Häme region are characterized by a long history of forest utilization, while the forests in the Kuhmo–Viena region can be regarded as natural or near natural. The managed forest sites in Häme had significantly lower forest floor microhabitat diversity compared with natural and near-natural forests. Microhabitats that were significantly more scarce in managed versus natural and near-natural forest sites included humps, depressions, decayed wood, and vicinity of decayed wood. On the other hand, even ground was significantly more abundant in managed forest compared with natural and near-natural forest. Microhabitat availability was also reflected in the occurrence of tree saplings growing in different microhabitats. The results suggest that long-term forest utilization has decreased forest floor microhabitat diversity. This has occurred because of a decreased amount of fallen deadwood and, possibly, lack of soil disturbances because of fewer uprootings caused by falling trees.

scholarly journals Variability in age and size at maturation, reproductive longevity, and long-term growth dynamics for Kemp's ridley sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Avens ◽  
Lisa R. Goshe ◽  
Lewis Coggins ◽  
Donna J. Shaver ◽  
Ben Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles ◽  
Kemp's Ridley

Logging-residue extraction does not reduce the diversity of litter-layer saprotrophic fungi in three Swedish coniferous stands after 25 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Allmér ◽  
Jan Stenlid ◽  
Anders Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Logging Residues ◽  
Logging Residue

Logging residues, consisting of branches and treetops, are increasingly being extracted for biofuel purposes in Fennoscandia, thereby decreasing the availability of fine woody debris (FWD). Little is known about the importance of FWD and litter to fungal diversity, although they constitute the major components of dead organic matter in both managed and natural forests. We investigated the long-term effects of removing logging residue on the saprotrophic fungi community in the litter layer by using an experiment established 25 years ago, comprising stands with and without removal of clear-cut slash. The fungal communities were identified using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism from standardized baits of wood and needles left in the litter layer for 30 months. A total of 74 fungal taxa were recorded. No differences in species richness or frequency of abundant species were detected between the stands with and without slash removal, suggesting that the extraction of logging residues has a negligible long-term impact on abundant saprotrophic fungi. Twenty-five of the 36 abundant species colonized wood and needles indiscriminately, while 10 species occurred exclusively on wood or needles and only one species mainly on wood. The importance of litter to certain wood-inhabiting fungi may therefore be underrated. The frequent records of Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden indicate that wood-inhabiting species may, surprisingly, be found in the litter layer.

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