Customary Forest Utilization: The Determinants of Indigenous (Adat) Community’s Economic Welfare

Customary forest utilization to improve the indigenous (adat) community welfare must be in line with local wisdom and preserving ecological function, even though they are no longer part of the state forest. In term of sustainable customary forest management, knowledge related to customary forest utilization and community welfare is getting significant to be study object. The paper aims to identify and analyse the determinants of indigenous community’s income. It was conducted in indigenous community of Kasepuhan Karang, Banten in 2018. Data collection was taken by purposive sampling, processed by ordinal logistic correlation and descriptive analysis. The results show the indigenous community has high level of dependence on the forest through on and off farm. From the respondents, the average income from forest use is below the regional minimum wage. While from the partial test results, it is concluded the land owned area and the livelihood type have a significant positive effect on the income level. Therefore, land distribution should be well managed due to conservation issue and livelihoods diversification to increase income level. Nonetheless, formal education level undetermined on income level. Informal education, capacity building of the community regarding to sustainable customary forest management needs to be organized.

Organizational, Economic, and Strategic Aspects of Capitalization of Multipurpose Forest Industries

Introduction. The present article forecasts the organizational, economic, and strategic aspects of the multifunctional forestry capitalization in the Kemerovo region aka Kuzbass. The authors analyzed the current Russian laws in order to answer the following question: is multi-purpose forest utilization able to ensure the rights and interests of all its participants, while providing legal means to resolve various related issues? Study objects and methods. The research featured the legal norms in the field of forest, wildlife, and subsoil utilization. The authors assessed their ability to guarantee sustainable use of natural resources while protecting the rights and legitimate interests of forest users. The study was based on general standard methods of cognition and special legal methods. Results and discussion. Hunting is regulated by hunting sector agreements. The Forest Code and the Hunting Law of the Russian Federation do not prohibit or restrict other types of forest utilization of hunting grounds. Most Western European countries link land ownership to hunting rights, which makes landowners liable for damage caused by hunting and obliged to protect the local fauna. Conclusion. Russian legislation does not provide for direct conciliation and compensation mechanisms in cases a part of hunting ground is used for other purposes, e.g. mining. Russian legislation needs legal termination procedures for hunting sector agreements and compensation rules in case a land plot was seized from hunting providers for subsoil use.

Application of analytical hierarchy process in implementation of community forest management permit work plan

Community Forest Utilization Business Permit (CFUBP), is a permit granted to utilize forest resources in forest areas whose main use is intended to empower local communities. This study aims to analyze the priority level of the implementation of the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for CF management in Bina Mangrove Forest Farmers Group (FFG), Sentang Village, Teluk Mengkudu District, Serdang Bedagai District. The research was conducted from January to March 2021 using primary and secondary data. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software tools. The data collection method is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). From the results of seeding with AHP, the priority for implementing the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for CF management in the Bina Mangrove FFG is the forest utilization criteria with a value of 0.54. The criteria for forest protection or security, development of local wisdom, monitoring and evaluation are next with the same value of 0.14. The criteria for marking the boundaries of the working area or zoning are in the last order with a value of 0.04. The value of inconsistency is 0.08.

The Changing Forest Utilization and Management of Mlabri Tribe at Bokluea District, Nan Province, Thailand

This study investigates the changes in forest utilization and management of the Mlabri tribe in Phufa Village, Nan Province, Thailand. This research utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods, such as interviews, community meetings, focus groups and participant observation. The population in the Mlabri village is around 40. It was found that the Mlabri villagers utilized 13 groups to collect 92 different species of forest products to earn a total income of 490,000 baht per year. For resource management, the forest communities have two forms of forest management. These are: (a) a belief model that governs the supernatural mysteries; and (b) a modern community-based management system, which reflects modern rules and regulations from the local authorities. Since the Mlabri people share the same space with other communities, they need to follow the rules set by the owners of the area. Based on the type of forests, the Mlabri tribe utilizes forest management under the concepts of conservation and awareness-raising. The Mlabri people changed from using forest resources for subsistence and exchanged for items that they could not obtain, such as iron, salt and tobacco. At present, the people in the Mlabri tribe have become labourers and agricultural workers. Hunting and gathering forest products are just for earning some extra income and relaxation. Although hunting and gathering is no longer a primary activity among the Mlabri, it is an activity that improves the quality of their life. It also creates a new identity for the Mlabri tribe, which changes the context of the Mlabri society while making the story of the "people living with the forest" interesting. Keywords: Mlabri tribe, hunting and gathering society, utilization and forest management

Forest Utilization Pattern of Local People: A Study of Sewar Bansbot Village of Dang

This article explores the utilization pattern of forest products. Forest is one of the most important natural resources that have directly benefitted the rural people continuously. The people of study area are dependent on forest for the essential elements of fodder, firewood and timber. The economic role of forests in human life is also valuable. The objectives of this article are to describe the forest utilization pattern and to find out how the local people consume the different forest products respectively as their needs. In the study area firewood is the principal source of energy for cooking and heating until now days. The consumption of firewood depends on the size of family member and utilization purpose. Fodder is very important for livestock raising. Leaves, green twigs and small plants are needed for livestock as their diet. Local people in the study area consume Sotar in order to obtain high volume of compost manure for agriculture. Some people deposit green leaves into the compost pit for decomposition, which is converted into the organic manure. And farmers use this manure in their crop fields according to the requirements. It is mainly depend on the livestock size and availability of the bedding materials in the surroundings. Cattle are strictly prohibited in the entire area of Ban to graze.

Dampak Perubahan Pemanfaatan Hutan Lindung di RPH Mangunan terhadap Pendapatan Penyadap Getah Pinus

Sejak tahun 2015 Balai Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Yogyakarta mengehentikan kegiatan pemanfaatan hutan dalam bentuk penyadapan getah pinus di kawasan hutan lindung yang secara adminitrasi pengelolaan hutan berada di Resort Pengelolaan Hutan Mangunan Bagian Daerah Hutan Bantul-Kulonprogo. Bentuk pemanfaatan hutan lindung selanjutnya dialihkan menjadi pemanfaatan hutan untuk wisata alam dan jasa lingkungan. Perubahan bentuk pemanfaatan ini mempengaruhi penghidupan ekonomi bagi rumah tangga penyadap getah pinus yang telah memiliki ketergantungan sumber pendapatan terhadap kegiatan pemanfaatan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga penyadap getah pinus serta kontribusi sumber pendapatan dari sumberdaya hutan terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan melibatkan 56 responden dari 69 penyadap getah pinus yang berdomisili di tiga desa yaitu Desa Munthuk, Desa Mangunan dan Desa Terong. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara secara mendalam, observasi dan pemanfaatan data sekunder. Data dianalisis secara deskriftif-kuantitatif untuk memberikan penjelasan perubahan atau perbandingan aktivitas, tingkat dan kontribusi sumber pendapatan dari hutan dengan adanya perubahan pemanfaatan hutan. Temuan-temuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Hanya sebagian dari penyadap getah pinus (35 responden) yang dapat beralih aktivitasnya menjadi pekerja hutan wisata, (2)Rata-rata tingkat pendapatan bagi penyadap yang tidak dapat beralih menjadi pekerja atau pengelola wisata sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan pemanfaatan berturut-turut sebesar Rp 16.033.062/tahun dan Rp 13.320.967/tahun, (3)Rata-rata tingkat pendapatan bagi penyadap yang dapat beralih menjadi pekerja atau pengelola wisata sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan pemanfaatan berturut turut sebesar Rp 12.076.329/tahun dan Rp 29.809.157/tahun, (4) Kegiatan penyadapan berkontribusi sebesar 23% dan pendapatan dari aktivitas di kegiatan wisata hutan pinus berkontribusi sebesar 62% terhadap pendapatan total tahunan. The Impact of Change in Protected Forest Utilization in RPH Mangunan on Income of Pine Sap TapperAbstractSince 2015 the Balai Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Yogyakarta has stopped the activity of utilizing pine sap tapping in protected forest areas which administratively located at Resort Pengelolaan Hutan Mangunan, Bagian Daerah Hutan Bantul Kulon Progo. Forest Utilization was then shifted into recreational forest. The change in forest utilization affected the livelihood of pine sap tapper households that already have dependence on a source of income based on these utilization activities. This study aims to compare the source diversity and level of household income of pine sap tappers as well as the share of income from forest resources to total income due to the change in forest utilization. This study used a survey involving 56 respondents from 69 pine sap tappers domiciled in three villages namely Munthuk, Mangunan and Terong Village. Data collection through in-depth interviews, observations and use of secondary data. The data were analyzed in a descriptive quantitative approach to provide an explanation of comparisons of activities, levels and contributions of sources of income from the forest due to changes in forest utilization. The important findings of this study are: (1) Only a portion of pine sap tappers (35 respondents) can switch their activities to workers in recrational forest (2) Average level of household income for tappers who cannot shift to workers in recreational forest are Rp 16033,062 /year and Rp. 13,320,967 /year, (3)Meanwhile, for tappers who can switch to workers in recreational forest are Rp. 12,076,329 / year and Rp. 29,809,157/year respectively for before and after changes in forest utilization(4) Income from tapping activitiy contributed 23% and income from activities in pine recreational forest contributed 62% to total annual income.