scholarly journals Role of Food in Hare Population Cycles

Oikos ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd B. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Population Cycles ◽  
Hare Population

Geographical Synchrony in Microtine Population Cycles: A Theoretical Evaluation of the Role of Nomadic Avian Predators

Oikos ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf A. Ims ◽  
Harald Steen
Keyword(s):  
Population Cycles ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Avian Predators

Population Cycles in Small Mammals: The Role of Age at Sexual Maturity

Oikos ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan K. Oli ◽  
F. Stephen Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Population Cycles

scholarly journals The evolutionary dynamics of within-generation immune priming in invertebrate hosts

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (80) ◽  
pp. 20120887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Best ◽  
Hannah Tidbury ◽  
Andy White ◽  
Mike Boots
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Evolution Of Immunity

While invertebrates lack the machinery necessary for ‘acquired immunity’, there is increasing empirical evidence that exposure to low levels of disease may ‘prime’ an invertebrate's immune response, increasing its defence to subsequent exposure. Despite this increasing empirical data, there has been little theoretical attention paid to immune priming. Here, we investigate the evolution of immune priming, focusing on the role of the unique feedbacks generated by a newly developed susceptible–primed–infected epidemiological model. Contrasting our results with previous models on the evolution of acquired immunity, we highlight that there are important implications to the evolution of immunity through priming owing to these different epidemiological feedbacks. In particular, we find that in contrast to acquired immunity, priming is strongly selected for at high as well as intermediate pathogen virulence. We also find that priming may be greatest at either intermediate or high host lifespans depending on the severity of disease. Furthermore, hosts faced with more severe pathogens are more likely to evolve diversity in priming. Finally, we show when the evolution of priming leads to the exclusion of the pathogens or hosts experiencing population cycles. Overall the model acts as a baseline for understanding the evolution of priming in host–pathogen systems.

Modelling the Canada lynx and snowshoe hare population cycle: the role of specialist predators

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tyson ◽  
Sheena Haines ◽  
Karen E. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Population Cycle ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Canada Lynx ◽  
Specialist Predators ◽  
Hare Population

scholarly journals The role of environmental controls in determining sardine and anchovy population cycles in the California Current: Analysis of an end-to-end model

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Fiechter ◽  
Kenneth A. Rose ◽  
Enrique N. Curchitser ◽  
Katherine S. Hedstrom
Keyword(s):  
California Current ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals Noise-Induced Versus Intrinsic Oscillation in Ecological Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadisadat Esmaeili ◽  
Alan Hastings ◽  
Karen Abbott ◽  
Jonathan Machta ◽  
Vahini Reddy Nareddy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Spatiotemporal Behavior ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Stochastic Forces

Studies of populations oscillating through time have a long history in ecology as these dynamics can help provide insights into the causes of population regulation. A particularly difficult challenge is determining the relative role of deterministic versus stochastic forces in producing this oscillatory behavior. Another classic ecological study area is the study of spatial synchrony which also has helped unravel underlying population dynamic principles. One possible approach to understanding the causes of population cycles is based on the idea that a focus on spatiotemporal behavior, oscillations in coupled populations, can provide much further insight into the relative role of deterministic versus stochastic forces. Using ideas based on concepts from statistical physics, we develop results showing that in a system with coupling between adjacent populations, a study of spatial synchrony provides much information about the underlying causes of oscillations. Novel, to ecology, measures of spatial synchrony are a key step.

Demography of snowshoe hare population cycles

Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan K. Oli ◽  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Alice J. Kenney ◽  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Stan Boutin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Cycles ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Hare Population

The ghosts of predators past: population cycles and the role of maternal programming under fluctuating predation risk

Ecology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 2983-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sheriff ◽  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Rudy Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Maternal Programming ◽  
Past Population

The Role of Insect Parasitoids in Population Cycles of the Spruce Needleminer in Denmark

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Münster-Swendsen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Parasitic Hymenoptera ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
Heavy Infestation ◽  
Parasitoid Guild

The spruce needleminer, Epinotia tedella (Cl.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a small and abundant moth associated with Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Larvae mine spruce needles, usually those more than 1 year old, and each requires about 35 needles to meet its food demands. In central Europe, the spruce needleminer is regarded as a temporary, serious pest when densities reach several thousand per square meter. However, it seldom causes significant damage in Scandinavian countries. An exception was the heavy infestation in southern Denmark in 1960-61. The spruce needleminer has one generation per year. Adults emerge in June and deposit eggs singly on spruce needles. Larvae mine the needles from July through October and then descend on silken threads in November to hibernate in the forest litter as prepupal larvae in cocoons. Pupation occurs in early May and lasts 3-4 weeks. Like many other forest defoliators, spruce needleminers are associated with a diverse fauna of parasitic Hymenoptera (parasitoids) (Münster-Swendsen 1979). Eggs are attacked by a minute wasp (Trichogramma sp.) that kills the embryo and emerges as an adult a few weeks later. Because spruce needleminer eggs have all hatched by this time, the parasitoids must oviposit in the eggs of other insect species. In other words, this parasitoid is not host-specific and therefore not expected to show a numerical response to spruce needleminer population changes. Newly hatched moth larvae immediately bore into needles and, because of this, are fairly well protected against weather and predators. However, specialized parasitic wasps (parasitoids) are able to deposit their eggs inside a larva by penetrating the needle with their ovipositor. Two species, Apanteles tedellae (Nix.) and Pimplopterus dubius (Hgn.), dominate the parasitoid guild and sometimes attack a large percentage of the larvae (Münster -Swendsen 1985). Parasitized larvae continue to feed and, in November, descend to the forest floor to overwinter with unparasitized individuals. In late April, however, the parasitoids take over and kill their hosts. Besides mortality from endoparasitoids, up to 2% of the larvae die within the mine due to an ectoparasitoid and a predatory cecidomyid larva.

scholarly journals Estimating abundance, temporary emigration and the pattern of density dependence in a cyclic snowshoe hare population in Yukon, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan K. Oli ◽  
Alice J. Kenney ◽  
Rudy Boonstra ◽  
Stan Boutin ◽  
Vratika Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Temporary Emigration ◽  
Cyclical Fluctuation ◽  
Hare Population

Estimates of demographic parameters based on capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods may be biased when some individuals in the population are temporarily unavailable for capture (temporary emigration). We estimated snowshoe hare abundance, apparent survival, and probability of temporary emigration in a population of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben 1777) in the Yukon using Pollock’s robust design CMR model, and population density using spatially-explicit CMR models. Survival rates strongly varied among cyclic phases, seasons, and across five population cycles. We found strong evidence that temporary emigration was Markovian (i.e., non-random), suggesting that it varied among individuals that were temporary emigrant in the previous sampling period and those that were present in the sampled area. The probability of temporary emigration for individuals that were in the study area during the previous sampling occasion (γ´´) varied among cycles. Probability that individuals that were temporarily absent from the sampled area would remain temporary emigrants (γ´) showed strongly seasonal pattern, low in winter and high during summers. Snowshoe hare population density ranged from 0.017 (0.015–0.05) hares/ha to 4.43 (3.90–5.00) hares/ha and large-scale cyclical fluctuation. Autocorrelation functions and autoregressive analyses revealed that our study population exhibited statistically significant cyclic fluctuations, with a periodicity of 9-10 years.

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