The Habsburgs and the Hungarian Problem, 1790–1848

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society ◽

10.2307/3678977 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 41-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.J.W. Evans

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Major Part ◽

Complete Breakdown ◽

Legal Equality

ON 4 MARCH 1848 Hungarians were excitedly debating the devastating criticisms of their country's rulers pronounced before assembled members of the diet the previous day by the popular tribune, Lajos Kossuth, the culmination of a campaign of agitation which stretched back a decade and more. Kossuth called for a constitutional transformation, with a responsible ministry, full legal equality, and the abolition of all privilege. The following month his programme was conceded wholesale by the authorities, under pressure from the sans-culottes of Budapest, and prostrate before their own Viennese revolution—for Kossuth's speech had played a major part in unseating Metternich there. Six months later power passed to a fully secessionist Hungarian regime, in which Kossuth enjoyed near-dictatorial sway. The ensuing civil war, during which the dynasty was declared deposed, took a further year to contain; its outcome appeared to be a complete breakdown of mutual confidence between king and country.

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The Letters of Sir Cheney Culpeper, 1641–1657

Camden Fifth Series ◽

10.1017/s0960116300000373 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 105-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. J. Braddick ◽

Mark Greengrass

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Major Part ◽

Legal Profession ◽

National Politics ◽

Critical Juncture ◽

Public Office ◽

The North ◽

Considerable Portion ◽

Stuart England

Sir Cheney Culpeper (1611–1663) was a lawyer and gentleman from the north Kentish Weald. Yet he never rose to prominence in the legal profession. Nor did he take up public office either as an MP or as a diplomat – although he occasionally entertained the possibilities of both. Such aspirations would not have been surprising in someone who was the eldest son of a family which enjoyed connections to the wheels of power in Stuart England. He expected to inherit a considerable portion of the family's not inconsiderable estates – which included Leeds Castle. Yet he was, at a critical juncture, in effect disinherited by his father. Although a committed Parliamentarian, Culpeper did not play a major part either in county or national politics during the Civil War and the Interregnum. His career was, in worldly terms, hardly a success: if success alone were the criterion to justify the publication of his letters over three hundred years later, this volume would not see the light of day.

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Legality in a Collapsed State: The Somali Experience

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589300059765 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 910-923

Author(s):

Yemi Osinbajo

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

Law And Order ◽

Administration Of Justice ◽

Complete Breakdown ◽

Human Tragedy ◽

Complete Collapse ◽

Regional Governments

The ouster of the Siad Barre regime in January 1991 and the civil war which followed led to a complete breakdown of law and order in Somalia. The human tragedy of the situation has been well publicised; less well known is the complete collapse of the institutions associated with constitutional governance and the administration of justice in Somalia, namely the federal and regional governments, legislatures, courts, the police and prisons.

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B. The Non-Linear Calculations for Pulsating Stars

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900019008 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 105-176

Author(s):

Robert F. Christy

Keyword(s):

Major Part ◽

Afternoon Session ◽

Discussion Session ◽

Pulsating Stars ◽

Fourth Symposium ◽

Non Linear ◽

Considerable Discussion ◽

Informal Approach ◽

Preceding Session

(Ed. note: The custom in these Symposia has been to have a summary-introductory presentation which lasts about 1 to 1.5 hours, during which discussion from the floor is minor and usually directed at technical clarification. The remainder of the session is then devoted to discussion of the whole subject, oriented around the summary-introduction. The preceding session, I-A, at Nice, followed this pattern. Christy suggested that we might experiment in his presentation with a much more informal approach, allowing considerable discussion of the points raised in the summary-introduction during its presentation, with perhaps the entire morning spent in this way, reserving the afternoon session for discussion only. At Varenna, in the Fourth Symposium, several of the summaryintroductory papers presented from the astronomical viewpoint had been so full of concepts unfamiliar to a number of the aerodynamicists-physicists present, that a major part of the following discussion session had been devoted to simply clarifying concepts and then repeating a considerable amount of what had been summarized. So, always looking for alternatives which help to increase the understanding between the different disciplines by introducing clarification of concept as expeditiously as possible, we tried Christy's suggestion. Thus you will find the pattern of the following different from that in session I-A. I am much indebted to Christy for extensive collaboration in editing the resulting combined presentation and discussion. As always, however, I have taken upon myself the responsibility for the final editing, and so all shortcomings are on my head.)

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The ubiquitin–proteasome system and skeletal muscle wasting

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0410173 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 173-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Didier Attaix ◽

Sophie Ventadour ◽

Audrey Codran ◽

Daniel Béchet ◽

Daniel Taillandier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Wasting ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Cathepsin L ◽

Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽

Complete Breakdown ◽

Skeletal Muscle Proteins ◽

Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽

Tripeptidyl Peptidase Ii ◽

F Box Protein

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is believed to degrade the major contractile skeletal muscle proteins and plays a major role in muscle wasting. Different and multiple events in the ubiquitination, deubiquitination and proteolytic machineries are responsible for the activation of the system and subsequent muscle wasting. However, other proteolytic enzymes act upstream (possibly m-calpain, cathepsin L, and/or caspase 3) and downstream (tripeptidyl-peptidase II and aminopeptidases) of the UPS, for the complete breakdown of the myofibrillar proteins into free amino acids. Recent studies have identified a few critical proteins that seem necessary for muscle wasting {i.e. the MAFbx (muscle atrophy F-box protein, also called atrogin-1) and MuRF-1 [muscle-specific RING (really interesting new gene) finger 1] ubiquitin–protein ligases}. The characterization of their signalling pathways is leading to new pharmacological approaches that can be useful to block or partially prevent muscle wasting in human patients.

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