scholarly journals Prescribed Grazing as a Secondary Impact in a Western Riparian Floodplain

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Sedgwick ◽  
Fritz L. Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Impact ◽  
Prescribed Grazing

Psoriasis has a major secondary impact on the lives of family members and partners

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Eghlileb ◽  
E.E.G. Davies ◽  
A.Y. Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Secondary Impact

Secondary Impact Protection for Locomotive Engineers – Improved Airbag Design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gordon ◽  
Florentina M. Gantoi ◽  
Som P. Singh ◽  
Anand Prabhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Secondary Impact ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Occupant Protection ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Impact Protection ◽  
Passenger Airbag ◽  
Locomotive Engineer ◽  
System 1

Abstract Under the locomotive cab occupant protection research program sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), Sharma & Associates, Inc. (SA) developed a Secondary Impact Protection System (SIPS) for locomotive engineers. The system uses a large, automotive-style, passenger airbag in combination with a deformable knee bolster to provide the level of protection needed for the locomotive engineer, without compromising the normal operating environment and egress. A prior version of the system [1] was prototyped and tested in a dynamic sled test with a 23g crash pulse and was shown to meet most limiting human injury criteria defined in the Department of Transportation (DOT)’s Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208) [2] for the head, chest, neck, and femur. The system also showed marginal performance for the chest injury index and indicated potential for an improved airbag design to fully meet all requirements. In the current study, simulations with an optimized airbag and higher capacity inflator system showed that SIPS can provide excellent occupant protection for an unbelted locomotive occupant in a frontal crash. Sled testing of SIPS confirmed the performance, and the system successfully met all eleven (11) criteria of the FMVSS 208 standard [2]. The shape and position of the airbag module and its attachments to the desk were generally the same as those presented in previous research. The key changes that helped meet all criteria were the higher capacity inflators, knee bolster system brackets moved forward, thicker knee plate, higher volume airbag and additional vents.

The secondary impact of mining on primates and other medium to large mammals in forest reserves in southwestern Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmus H. Owusu ◽  
Benjamin Y. Ofori ◽  
Daniel K. Attuquayefio
Keyword(s):  
Large Mammals ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Secondary Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Dynamic simulation of railway vehicle occupants under secondary impact

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchao Xie ◽  
Hongqi Tian
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Secondary Impact

scholarly journals Mysterious long-living ultrahigh-pressure or secondary impact crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Shumilova ◽  
A. A. Zubov ◽  
S. I. Isaenko ◽  
I. A. Karateev ◽  
A. L. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Secondary Impact

Effects of vehicle front-end safety countermeasures on pedestrian head injury risk during ground impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 3588-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Shi ◽  
Yong Han ◽  
Hongwu Huang ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Secondary Impact ◽  
Front End ◽  
Vehicle Impact ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Primary Impact

Pedestrian safety countermeasures such as pop-up bonnets and exterior pedestrian airbags have been shown to decrease the pedestrian injury risk caused by vehicle impacts (primary impact). However, it is still unknown whether these devices could prevent or mitigate pedestrian injuries resulting from ground impacts (secondary impact). In order to understand how the vehicle safety countermeasures prevent pedestrian head injuries caused by primary and secondary impacts, a total of 252 vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations were conducted using the MADYMO code. The simulations accounted for three types of vehicle configurations (a baseline vehicle and vehicles with the two aforementioned vehicle safety countermeasures) along with five front-end structural parameters at three vehicle impact velocities (30, 40, and 50 km/h). The simulation results show that the bonnet leading edge height was the most sensitive parameter affecting the head-to-vehicle impact location and that caused different head injuries resulting from the local stiffness in the location impacted. Moreover, the bonnet leading edge height was the leading governing factor on the pedestrian rotation angle in the secondary impact. The vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and an external airbag could cause a larger pedestrian rotation angle at 30 km/h than that in the other two vehicle types, but conversely could cause a smaller pedestrian rotation angle at 40 and 50 km/h. Also, the vehicle equipped with pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems could lead a higher pedestrian flight altitude than that of the baseline type. A vehicle equipped with a pop-up bonnet and external airbag systems provide improved protection for the pedestrian’s head in the primary impact, but may not prevent the injury risk and/or even cause more severe injuries in secondary impacts.

scholarly journals PRS1 BEYOND TOBACCO- THE SECONDARY IMPACT OF SUBSTANCE MISUSE IN CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S349
Author(s):  
M. MacMurdo ◽  
R. Lopez ◽  
B. Udeh ◽  
J. Zein
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Secondary Impact
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